This paper describes the design of a control and management network (orderwire) for a mobile wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. This mobile wireless ATM network is part of the Rapidly Deployable Radio Network (RDRN). The orderwire system consists of a packet radio network which overlays the mobile wireless ATM network, each network element in this network uses Global Positioning System (GPS) information to control a beamforming antenna subsystem which provides for spatial reuse. This paper also proposes a novel Virtual Network Configuration (VNC) algorithm for predictive network configuration. A mobile ATM Private Network-Network Interface (PNNI) based on VNC is also discussed. Finally, as a prelude to the system implementation, results of a Maisie simulation of the orderwire system are discussed.
With the fast development of high-speed railway (HSR), the demand for mobile communication on high-speed trains is increasingly growing. This leads to significant attention on the study of resource management in HSR wireless communications with limited bandwidth. Resource management is a challenging problem due to heterogenous quality of service (QoS) requirements and dynamic characteristics of HSR wireless communications. In this article, we first provide a state-of-the-art overview on HSR wireless communications and the existing resource management schemes. Then a location-aware cross-layer …
Extreme events and disasters resulting from climate change or other ecological factors are difficult to predict and manage. Current limitations of state-of-the-art approaches to disaster prediction and management could be addressed by adopting new unorthodox risk assessment and management strategies. The next generation Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), 5G wireless communication, and big data analytics technologies are the key enablers for future effective disaster management infrastructures. In this chapter, we commissioned a survey on emerging wireless communication …
The growing concerns of a global environmental change raises a revolution on the way of utilizing energy. In wireless industry, green wireless communications has recently gained increasing attention and is expected to play a major role in reduction of electrical power consumption. In particular, actions to promote energy saving of wireless communications with regard to environmental protection are becoming imperative. To this purpose, we study a green communication system model where wireless base station is provisioned with a combination of renewable power source and electrical grid to minimi…
Radio Frequency (RF) Energy Harvesting holds a promising future for generating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronics devices. Reducing power consumption has become a major challenge in wireless sensor networks. As a vital factor affecting system cost and lifetime, energy consumption in wireless sensor networks is an emerging and active research area. This chapter presents a practical approach for RF Energy harvesting and management of the harvested and available energy for wireless sensor networks using the Improved Energy Efficien…
Context management strategies in wireless technology are dependent upon the collection of accurate information from the individual nodes. This information (called context information) can be exploited by administrators or automated systems in order to decide on specific management concerns. While traditional approaches for fixed networks are more or less centralized, more complex management strategies have been proposed for wireless networks, such as hierarchical, fully distributed and hybrid ones. The reason for the introduction of new strategies is based on the dynamic and unpredictable natu…
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has emerged as the most promising technology in supporting future broadband multimedia communication services. To accelerate the deployment of ATM technology, the ATM Forum, which is a consortium of service providers and equipment vendors in the communication industries has been created to develop implementation and specification agreements. In this article, we present a brief overview on ATM protocol layers and current progress on LAN Emulation and Traffic Management in the ATM Forum.
One of the features of the Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) is its heterogeneous communication environment. Heterogeneous networks are ranging from wireless WAN, LAN, MAN and PAN. The most important parameters in this regard are different data rates and coverage of these networks. In this paper, we propose an evolvable fuzzy logic-based algorithm for managing handover process in heterogeneous wireless networks. We use fuzzy logic system to determine the right time of initiating the handoff procedure and utilize Genetic Algorithm (GA) to predict the best form of rules of the fuzzy modu…
In this paper we design and implement a resource management scheme based on cooperative association, where the STAs can share useful information in order to improve the performance of the association/handoff procedures. The cooperative association mechanism is inspired by the rapidly designed cooperative protocols in the field of wireless networks. Furthermore, we introduce a load balancing mechanism that operates in a cross-layer manner taking into account uplink and downlink channel conditions, routing performance and congestion control. The iterative heuristic algorithms that we propose, co…
In the recent evolution of wireless technologies, the power management has been a worrying factor. In order to overcome the power shortage, steps are taken to find new kind of energy harvesting methods, power attenuation reduction methods and power saving techniques. Wireless routers even though consume not much of power, battery powered devices require a lot. Omni directional antenna embedded with multiple antennae focusing the beam of radio wave signals in the direction of nodes with least transmission angle can be a solution for this problem which is called as "Smart Antenna". To reduce pow…
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is the new generation of computer and communication networks that are being deployed throughout the telecommunication industry as well as in campus backbones. ATM technology distinguishes itself from the previous networking protocols in that it has the latest traffic management technology and thus allows guaranteeing delay, throughput, and other performance measures. This in turn, allows users to integrate voice, video, and data on the same network. Available bit rate (ABR) service in ATM has been designed to fairly distribute all unused capacity to data traffi…
Live virtual machine migration aims at enabling the dynamic balanced use of the networking/computing physical resources of virtualized data-centers, so to lead to reduced energy consumption. Here, we analytically characterize, prototype in software and test an optimal bandwidth manager for live migration of VMs in wireless channel. In this paper we present the optimal tunable-complexity bandwidth manager (TCBM) for the QoS live migration of VMs under a wireless channel from smartphone to access point. The goal is the minimization of the migration-induced communication energy under service leve…
We are interested in unicast traffic over wireless networks that employ constructive inter-session network coding, including single-hop and multi-hop schemes. In this setting, TCP flows do not fully exploit the network coding opportunities due to their bursty behavior and due to the fact that TCP is agnostic to the underlying network coding. In order to improve the performance of TCP flows over coded wireless networks, we take the following steps. First, we formulate the problem as network utility maximization and we present a distributed solution. Second, mimicking the structure of the optima…
In 802.11 wireless infrastructure networks, as the mobile node moves from one access point to another, the active connections will not be badly dropped if the handoff is smooth and if there are sufficient resources reserved in the target access point. In a 5x5 grid of access points, within a 6x6 grid of regions, by location tracking and data mining, we predict the mobility pattern of mobile node with good accuracy. The pre-scanning of mobile nodes, along with pre-authenticating neighbouring access points and pre-reassociation is used to reduce the scan delay, authentication delay and re-associ…
Congestion control mechanisms for ATM networks as selected by the ATM Forum traffic management group are described. Reasons behind these selections are explained. In particular, selection criteria for selection between rate-based and credit-based approach and the key points of the debate between the two approaches are presented. The approach that was finally selected and several other schemes that were considered are described.
In this paper, we investigate the delay-aware dynamic resource management problem for multi-service transmission in high-speed railway wireless communications, with a focus on resource allocation among the services and power control along the time. By taking account of average delay requirements and power constraints, the considered problem is formulated into a stochastic optimization problem, rather than pursuing the traditional convex optimization means. Inspired by Lyapunov optimization theory, the intractable stochastic optimization problem is transformed into a tractable deterministic opt…
This paper describes the work that has been done in the design and development of a wireless OBD II fleet management system. The system aims to measure speed, distance and fuel consumption of vehicles for tracking and analysis purposes. An OBD II reader is designed to measure speed and mass air flow, from which distance and fuel consumption are also computed. This data is then transmitted via WiFi to a remote server. The system also implements GPS tracking to determine the location of the vehicle. A database management system is implemented at the remote server for the storage and management o…
Provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) is the key concern for Radio Resource Management now-a-days. In this paper, an efficient dynamic channel borrowing architecture has been proposed that ensures better QoS. The proposed scheme lessens the problem of excessive overall call blocking probability without sacrificing bandwidth utilization. If a channel is borrowed from adjacent cells and causing interference, we also propose architecture that diminishes the interference problem. The numerical results show comparison between the proposed scheme and the conventional scheme before channel borrowi…
Mobile edge computing (MEC) has attracted great interests as a promising approach to augment computational capabilities of mobile devices. An important issue in the MEC paradigm is computation offloading. In this paper, we propose an integrated framework for computation offloading and interference management in wireless cellular networks with mobile edge computing. In this integrated framework, the MEC server makes the offloading decision according to the local computation overhead estimated by all user equipments (UEs) and the offloading overhead estimated by the MEC server itself. Then, the …
The Available Bit Rate (ABR) service has been developed to support data applications over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. The network continuously monitors its traffic and provides feedback to the source end systems. This paper explains the rules that the sources have to follow to achieve a fair and efficient allocation of network resources.
The field of wireless networks has been rapidly developed during the past decade due to the increasing popularity of the mobile devices. The great demand for mobility and connectivity makes wireless networking a field whose continuous technological development is very important as new challenges and issues are arising. Many scientists and researchers are currently engaged in developing new approaches and optimization methods in several topics of wireless networking. This survey paper study works from the following topics: Cognitive Radio Networks, Interactive Broadcasting, Energy Efficient Net…
Wireless sensor/actuator networks (WSANs) are emerging rapidly as a new generation of sensor networks. Despite intensive research in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), limited work has been found in the open literature in the field of WSANs. In particular, quality-of-service (QoS) management in WSANs remains an important issue yet to be investigated. As an attempt in this direction, this paper develops a fuzzy logic control based QoS management (FLC-QM) scheme for WSANs with constrained resources and in dynamic and unpredictable environments. Taking advantage of the feedback control technology, …
Regulatory radio spectrum management is evolving from traditional static frequency allocation and assignment schemes towards dynamic spectrum management and access schemes. This evolution is necessitated by a number of factors including underutilization of licensed spectrum bands, changing market and technological developments and increased demand for spectrum for emerging applications in multimedia communications, internet-of-things and fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. In simple terms dynamic spectrum management involves allowing unlicensed users known as secondary users (SUs) to acce…
Today's wireless networks are characterized by fixed spectrum assignment policy. The limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage necessitate a new communication paradigm to exploit the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically. Cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either a network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users. In this work, a fuzzy logic based system for spectrum management is proposed where the radio can share unuse…
We propose a novel search-and-rescue management method that relies on the aerial deployment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for locating victims after floods. The sensor nodes will collect vital information such as heat signatures for detecting human presence and location, the flow of flood. The sensor modules are packed in a portable floating buoy with a user interface to convey emergency messages to the base station. Sensor nodes are designed based on disaster conditions, cost-effectiveness and deployed in the affected region by a centrifugal dispersion system from a helicopter. A mobile ad…
With the increasing demands for new data and real-time services, wireless networks should support calls with different traffic characteristics and different Quality of Service (QoS)guarantees. In addition, various wireless technologies and networks exist currently that can satisfy different needs and requirements of mobile users. Since these different wireless networks act as complementary to each other in terms of their capabilities and suitability for different applications, integration of these networks will enable the mobile users to be always connected to the best available access network…
A sensor network can be described as a collection of sensor nodes which co-ordinate with each other to perform some specific function. These sensor nodes are mainly in large numbers and are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it. They can be used for various application areas (e.g. health, military, home). Failures are inevitable in wireless sensor networks due to inhospitable environment and unattended deployment. Therefore, it is necessary that network failures are detected in advance and appropriate measures are taken to sustain network operation. We previously pr…
Node cooperation during packet forwarding operations is critically important for fair resource utilization in Community Wireless Mesh Networks (CoWMNs). In a CoWMN, node cooperation is achieved by using fairness protocols specifically designed to detect and isolate malicious nodes, discourage unfair behavior, and encourage node participation in forwarding packets. In general, these protocols can be split into two groups: Incentive-based ones, which are managed centrally, and use credit allocation schemes. In contrast, reputation-based protocols that are decentralized, and rely on information e…
The evolving fifth generation (5G) cellular wireless networks are envisioned to overcome the fundamental challenges of existing cellular networks, e.g., higher data rates, excellent end-to-end performance and user-coverage in hot-spots and crowded areas with lower latency, energy consumption and cost per information transfer. To address these challenges, 5G systems need to adopt a multi-tier architecture consisting of macrocells, different types of licensed small cells, relays, and device-to-device (D2D) networks to serve users with different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in a spectrum…
We propose an explicit rate indication scheme for congestion avoidance in ATM networks. In this scheme, the network switches monitor their load on each link, determining a load factor, the available capacity, and the number of currently active virtual channels. This information is used to advise the sources about the rates at which they should transmit. The algorithm is designed to achieve efficiency, fairness, controlled queueing delays, and fast transient response. The algorithm is also robust to measurement errors caused due to variation in ABR demand and capacity. We present performance an…
Resource Management in RIS-Assisted Rate Splitting Multiple Access for Next Generation (xG) Wireless Communications: Models, State-of-the-Art, and Future Directions
This paper investigates a dynamic buffer management scheme for QoS control of multimedia services in beyond 3G wireless systems. The scheme is studied in the context of the state-of-the-art 3.5G system i.e. the High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) which enhances 3G UMTS to support high-speed packet switched services. Unlike earlier systems, UMTS-evolved systems from HSDPA and beyond incorporate mechanisms such as packet scheduling and HARQ in the base station necessitating data buffering at the air interface. This introduces a potential bottleneck to end-to-end communication. Hence, buffe…
Wireless communication is a key element in the realization of the Industrial Internet of Things for flexible and cost-efficient monitoring and control of industrial processes. Wireless mesh networks using IEEE 802.15.4 have a high potential for executing monitoring and control tasks with low energy consumption and low costs for deployment and maintenance. However, conventional medium access techniques based on carrier sensing cannot provide the required reliability for industrial applications. Therefore, the standard was extended with techniques for time-slotted medium access on multiple chann…
Technological advancement has brought revolutionary change in the converged wireless networks. Due to the existence of different types of traffic, provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) becomes a challenge in the wireless networks. In case of a congested network, resource allocation has emerged as an effective way to provide the excessive users with desirable QoS. Since QoS for non-real-time traffic are not as strict as for real-time traffic, the unoccupied channels of the adjacent cells can be assigned to the non-real-time traffic to retain QoS for real-time traffic. This results in the int…
In recent years several wireless communication standards have been developed and more are expected, each with different scope in terms of spatial coverage, radio access capabilities, and mobility support. Heterogeneous networks combine multiple of these radio interfaces both in network infrastructure and in user equipment which requires a new multi-radio framework, enabling mobility and handover management for multiple RATs. The use of heterogeneous networks can capitalize on the overlapping coverage and allow user devices to take advantage of the fact that there are multiple radio interfaces.…
Future wireless networks are facing new challenges. These new challenges require new solutions and strategies of the network deployment, management, and operation. Many driving factors are decisive in the re-definition and re-design of the future wireless network architecture. In the previously published paper "5G Wireless Network - MyNET and SONAC", MyNET and SONAC, a future network architecture, are described. This paper elaborates MyNET platform with more details. The design principles of MyNET architecture, the development of MyNET platform, the functions of MyNET platform, the automation …
With the emergence of 3D mobile devices available in the markets, mobile 3D video services become increasingly important for video service providers, such as Youtube and Netflix, while multi-view 3D videos are potential to bring out varied innovative applications. However, enabling multi-view 3D video services may overwhelm WiFi networks when we multicast every view of a video. In this paper, therefore, we propose to incorporate depth-image-based rendering (DIBR), which allows each mobile client to synthesize the desired view from nearby left and right views, to effectively reduce the bandwidt…
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on applications of economic and pricing theory for resource management in the evolving fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. The 5G wireless networks are envisioned to overcome existing limitations of cellular networks in terms of data rate, capacity, latency, energy efficiency, spectrum efficiency, coverage, reliability, and cost per information transfer. To achieve the goals, the 5G systems will adopt emerging technologies such as massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), mmWave communications, and dense Heterogeneous Networks (He…
The impact of extreme events across the globe is extraordinary which continues to handicap the advancement of the struggling developing societies and threatens most of the industrialized countries in the globe. Various fields of Information and Communication Technology have widely been used for efficient disaster management; but only to a limited extent though, there is a tremendous potential for increasing efficiency and effectiveness in coping with disasters with the utilization of emerging wireless network technologies. Early warning, response to the particular situation and proper recovery…
Explosive demand for wireless internet services has posed critical challenges for wireless network due to its limited capacity. To tackle this hurdle, wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) take the smart data pricing to manage data traffic loads. Meanwhile, from the users' perspective, it is also reasonable and desired to employ mobile data traffic management under the pricing policies of WISPs to improve the economic efficiency of data consumption. In this paper we introduce a concept of cost efficiency for user's mobile data management, defined as the ratio of user's mobile data consum…
We propose a simple timed broadcasting process calculus for modelling wireless network protocols. The operational semantics of our calculus is given in terms of a labelled transition semantics which is used to derive a standard (weak) bi-simulation theory. Based on our simulation theory, we reformulate Gorrieri and Martinelli's timed Generalized Non-Deducibility on Compositions (tGNDC) scheme, a well-known general framework for the definition of timed properties of security protocols. We use tGNDC to perform a semantic analysis of three well-known key management protocols for wireless sensor n…
In this paper, we have provided a summary of the design options in Satellite-ATM technology. A satellite ATM network consists of a space segment of satellites connected by inter-satellite crosslinks, and a ground segment of the various ATM networks. A satellite-ATM interface module connects the satellite network to the ATM networks and performs various call and control functions. A network control center performs various network management and resource allocation functions. Several issues such as the ATM service model, media access protocols, and traffic management issues must be considered wh…
LoRa wireless networks are considered as a key enabling technology for next generation internet of things (IoT) systems. New IoT deployments (e.g., smart city scenarios) can have thousands of devices per square kilometer leading to huge amount of power consumption to provide connectivity. In this paper, we investigate green LoRa wireless networks powered by a hybrid of the grid and renewable energy sources, which can benefit from harvested energy while dealing with the intermittent supply. This paper proposes resource management schemes of the limited number of channels and spreading factors (…
The ATM Guaranteed Frame Rate (GFR) service is intended for best effort traffic that can benefit from minimum throughput guarantees. Edge devices connecting LANs to an ATM network can use GFR to transport multiple TCP/IP connections over a single GFR VC.These devices would typically multiplex VCs into a single FIFO queue. It has been shown that in general, FIFO queuing is not sufficient to provide rate guarantees, and per-VC queuing with scheduling is needed. We show that under conditions of low buffer allocation, it is possible to control TCP rates with FIFO queuing and buffer management. We …
During the design of ABR traffic management at the ATM Forum, we performed several analyses to ensure that the ABR service will operate efficiently over satellite links. In the cases where the performance was unacceptable, we suggested modifications to the traffic management specifications. This paper describes one such issue related to the count of missing resource management cells (Crm) parameter of the ABR source behavior. The analysis presented here led to the changes which are now part of the ATM traffic management (TM 4.0) specification. In particular, the size of the transient buffer ex…
This research concentrates on the design and analysis of an algorithm referred to as Virtual Network Configuration (VNC) which uses predicted future states of a system for faster network configuration and management. VNC is applied to the configuration of a wireless mobile ATM network. VNC is built on techniques from parallel discrete event simulation merged with constraints from real-time systems and applied to mobile ATM configuration and handoff. Configuration in a mobile network is a dynamic and continuous process. Factors such as load, distance, capacity and topology are all constantly ch…
Recently, utilizing renewable energy for wireless system has attracted extensive attention. However, due to the instable energy supply and the limited battery capacity, renewable energy cannot guarantee to provide the perpetual operation for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The coexistence of renewable energy and electricity grid is expected as a promising energy supply manner to remain function for a potentially infinite lifetime. In this paper, we propose a new system model suitable for WSN, taking into account multiple energy consumptions due to sensing, transmission and reception, heterogen…
Efficient channel selection is essential in 802.11 mesh deployments, for minimizing contention and interference among co-channel devices and thereby supporting a plurality of QoS-sensitive applications. A few protocols have been proposed for frequency allocation in such networks, however they do not address the problem end-to-end. In this paper, we present a general formulation of the channel selection problem taking into account the performance of both mesh-access and mesh-backhaul. Moreover, we propose ARACHNE, a routing-aware channel selection protocol for wireless mesh networks. ARACHNE is…
Majority of the applications used in defense are voice, video and data oriented and has strict QoS requirements. One of the technologies that enabled this is Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking. Traditional ATM networks are wired networks. But Tactical networks are meant to be mobile and this necessitates the use of radio relays for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications. ATM networks assume a physical link layer BER of 10^-9 or better because of the availability of reliable media like optical fiber links. But this assumption is no longer valid when…
Space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) is a new type of wireless network mode. The effective management of SAGIN resources is a prerequisite for high-reliability communication. However, the storage capacity of space-air network segment is extremely limited. The air servers also do not have sufficient storage resources to centrally accommodate the information uploaded by each edge server. So the problem of how to coordinate the storage resources of SAGIN has arisen. This paper proposes a SAGIN storage resource management algorithm based on distributed deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The…
The increasing demands of various high data rate wireless applications have been seen in the recent years and it will continue in the future. To fulfill these demands, the limited existing wireless resources should be utilized properly or new wireless technology should be developed. Therefore, we propose some novel idea to manage the wireless resources and deployment of femtocellular network technology. The study was mainly divided into two parts: (a) femtocellular network deployment and resource allocation and (b) resource management for macrocellular networks. The femtocellular network deplo…
Fifth-generation (5G) cellular wireless networks are envisioned to predispose service-oriented, flexible, and spectrum/energy-efficient edge-to-core infrastructure, aiming to offer diverse applications. Convergence of software-defined networking (SDN), software-defined radio (SDR) compatible with multiple radio access technologies (RATs), and virtualization on the concept of 5G software-defined wireless networking (5G-SDWN) is a promising approach to provide such a dynamic network. The principal technique behind the 5G-SDWN framework is the separation of the control and data planes, from the d…
