Building upon the known generalized-quantifier-based first-order characterization of LOGCFL, we lay the groundwork for a deeper investigation. Specifically, we examine subclasses of LOGCFL arising from varying the arity and nesting of groupoidal quantifiers. Our work extends the elaborate theory relating monoidal quantifiers to NC1 and its subclasses. In the absence of the BIT predicate, we resolve the main issues: we show in particular that no single outermost unary groupoidal quantifier with FO can capture all the context-free languages, and we obtain the surprising result that a variant of Greibach's ``hardest context-free language'' is LOGCFL-complete under quantifier-free BIT-free projections. We then prove that FO with unary groupoidal quantifiers is strictly more expressive with the BIT predicate than without. Considering a particular groupoidal quantifier, we prove that first-order logic with majority of pairs is strictly more expressive than first-order with majority of individuals. As a technical tool of independent interest, we define the notion of an aperiodic nondeterministic finite automaton and prove that FO translations are precisely the mappings computed by single-valued aperiodic nondeterministic finite transducers.
Parameterizations of Logarithmic-Space Reductions, Stack-State Complexity of Nonuniform Families of Pushdown Automata, and a Road to the LOGCFL$\subseteq$LOGDCFL/poly Question
The descriptive set-theoretic complexity of the set of points of continuity of a multi-valued function (Extended Abstract)
在这篇文章中,我们处理一个多值函数F的连续性的概念,我们计算的集合的描述集理论的复杂性的所有x的F是连续的在x。我们给出了后者是G_δ集或G_δ集的可数并的条件。并给出了一个反例,说明在相同条件下,后一个结果是最优的.此外,我们证明了这些条件是必要的,以获得点的连续F的集合是Borel,即,我们表明,如果我们放弃一些以前的条件,那么有一个多值函数F的图是一个Borel集和F的连续点的集合是不是一个Borel集。最后,我们给出了一些类似的结果,一个更强的概念的连续性的多值函数。这篇文章是由M. Ziegler在“Real Computation with Least Discrete Advice:A Complexity Theory of Nonuniform Computability with Applications to Linear Algebra”中的文章。
The Descriptive Complexity of Relation Modification Problems
Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Universität zu Lübeck(吕贝克大学理论计算机科学研究所);Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien(维也纳工业大学算法与复杂性组);Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena(耶拿弗里德里希·席勒大学计算机科学研究所)
Syntactic Characterisations of Polynomial-Time Optimisation Classes (Syntactic Characterizations of Polynomial-Time Optimization Classes)
在描述复杂性中,有大量关于决策问题及其类(如\textbf{P, NP, L and NL})的文献。然而,关于优化问题描述复杂性的研究一直很有限。对应于\textbf{NP}类的优化问题已经由Papadimitriou和Yannakakis,Panconesi和Ranjan,Kolaitis和Thakur,Khanna等人以及Zimand用逻辑表达式表征。Grädel的特点多项式类\textbf{P}的决策问题。在本文中,我们试图通过二阶逻辑的表达式来描述\textbf{P}的优化版本,其中许多使用具有后继关系的通用Horn公式。多项式约束版本的最大化(最大化)和最小化(最小化)的问题首先处理,然后在“不一定多项式约束”类的最大化问题。
Existential Second-Order Logic Over Graphs: A Complete Complexity-Theoretic Classification
描述复杂性理论旨在从问题描述的句法复杂性推断问题的计算复杂性。这个理论的一个基石是费金定理,通过这个定理,一个图的性质在存在二阶逻辑(ESO逻辑)中是可表达的,当且仅当它是NP。从理论的观点来看,一个自然的问题是ESO逻辑的哪些句法片段仍然表征NP。Gottlob、Kolatis和Schwentik对这个问题的研究最终得出了一个二分法的结果:对于ESO公式的每个可能的量词前缀,所得到的前缀类要么包含NP完全问题,要么包含在P中。在本文中,我们通过证明对于ESO逻辑的每个前缀类,其在一阶约简下的约简闭包是FO,L,NL或NP来澄清这一情况。对于无向无环图,两个包含结果特别具有挑战性:包含在L中的前缀$\exists R_1 \cdots \exists R_n \forall x \exists y$和包含在FO中的前缀$\exists M \forall x \exists y$的一元$M$。Gottlob、Kolatis和Schwentick关于多项式时间的复杂论证需要仔细地重新审视,或者与Courcelle定理的对数空间版本相结合,或者直接改进为一阶计算。一个不同的挑战是由前缀$\exists M \forall x\forall y$的公式:我们表明,他们表示特殊的约束满足问题,位于L。