能力工程：构建变化容忍系统
Capabilities Engineering: Constructing Change-Tolerant Systems
摘要：
我们提出了一种基于能力的方法，用于构建具有漫长开发周期的长寿命复杂系统。在这些扩展的开发期间，用户需求和技术不断发展，从而抑制了固定的面向需求的解决方案规范。实际上，对于复杂的紧急系统，基线需求的传统方法会导致一个不令人满意的系统。因此，我们提出了一种替代方法，能力工程，数学上利用结构语义的功能分解图-用户需求的表示-制定能力。对于任何给定的软件系统，派生的Capabilities集合体现了容变特性。更具体地说，每个单独的能力都是一个功能抽象，它被构造成具有高度内聚性，并且与其邻居的耦合最小。此外，能力集的选择，以适应增量开发方法，并反映技术可行性和实施进度的约束。我们讨论我们的验证活动，以经验证明，基于能力的方法的结果在变化容忍系统。
英文摘要：
We propose a Capabilities-based approach for building long-lived, complex systems that have lengthy development cycles. User needs and technology evolve during these extended development periods, and thereby, inhibit a fixed requirements-oriented solution specification. In effect, for complex emergent systems, the traditional approach of baselining requirements results in an unsatisfactory system. Therefore, we present an alternative approach, Capabilities Engineering, which mathematically exploits the structural semantics of the Function Decomposition graph - a representation of user needs - to formulate Capabilities. For any given software system, the set of derived Capabilities embodies change-tolerant characteristics. More specifically, each individual Capability is a functional abstraction constructed to be highly cohesive and to be minimally coupled with its neighbors. Moreover, the Capability set is chosen to accommodate an incremental development approach, and to reflect the constraints of technology feasibility and implementation schedules. We discuss our validation activities to empirically prove that the Capabilities-based approach results in change-tolerant systems.
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