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arXiv cs/0502013cs.CCcs.GT
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亚马逊是PSPACE完整的

Amazons is PSPACE-complete

Robert A. Hearn

摘要:

亚马逊是一款结合了国际象棋和围棋元素的棋盘游戏。近年来,它已成为流行,并已成为一个有用的平台,为游戏理论研究和人工智能游戏研究。Buro证明了简单的亚马逊残局是NP等价的,留下了一般情况下的复杂性作为一个开放的问题。我们解决这个问题,通过证明决定一个n × n亚马逊位置的结果是PSPACE困难的。我们从Schaefer所描述的PSPACE完全二人公式游戏中给出了一个约化。由于亚马逊游戏中的移动次数是多项式有界的(不像国际象棋和围棋),亚马逊是在PSPACE中。因此,它与其他两人,有界移动,完全信息游戏,如Hex,Othello和Kayles相提并论。我们的构造还提供了一个替代证明,简单的亚马逊残局是NP等价的。我们的减少在输入公式长度中使用了一些亚马逊多项式;剩下的一个开放问题是当只使用常数数量的亚马逊时亚马逊的复杂性。

英文摘要:

Amazons is a board game which combines elements of Chess and Go. It has become popular in recent years, and has served as a useful platform for both game-theoretic study and AI games research. Buro showed that simple Amazons endgames are NP-equivalent, leaving the complexity of the general case as an open problem. We settle this problem, by showing that deciding the outcome of an n x n Amazons position is PSPACE-hard. We give a reduction from one of the PSPACE-complete two-player formula games described by Schaefer. Since the number of moves in an Amazons game is polynomially bounded (unlike Chess and Go), Amazons is in PSPACE. It is thus on a par with other two-player, bounded-move, perfect-information games such as Hex, Othello, and Kayles. Our construction also provides an alternate proof that simple Amazons endgames are NP-equivalent. Our reduction uses a number of amazons polynomial in the input formula length; a remaining open problem is the complexity of Amazons when only a constant number of amazons is used.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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