E PLURIBUS ENUM：统一国际电信网络和治理
E PLURIBUS ENUM: Unifying International Telecommunications Networks and Governance
摘要：
ENUM通过将国际电联建议E.164公共电信编号计划中的电话号码作为域名放入互联网域名系统，有效地连接了电话和互联网世界。ENUM可能在国内和国际两级提出重大的公共政策问题。最终，ENUM是作为电信问题还是互联网问题来处理并不重要，因为：（1）它们在技术上正在成为同一事物，（2）它们涉及相同的全球公共利益。出于同样的原因，适用于传统的电信，甚至互联网本身，ENUM命名，编号和寻址资源的公共监督是合理的技术必要性和消费者保护（特别是个人隐私）的利益和竞争在更高的服务层。公共机构应指定一个统一的、协调的全球DNS域，至少用于ENUM名称层次结构的第0层（国际级别）。与ENUM 0层和1层区域相关的许多技术特征和策略考虑也直接适用于互联网的IP地址空间和DNS根（或0层）区域-互联网逻辑基础设施的关键共享元素。尽管互联网的逻辑基础设施层基本上具有国际性质，而且其IP地址空间和DNS的管理据称是私有化的，但互联网治理尚未真正国际化。ENUM政策辩论表明，需要对公共通信网络逻辑基础设施进行权威的国际公共监督，包括传统电信、互联网和ENUM。
英文摘要：
ENUM effectively bridges the telephone and Internet worlds by placing telephone numbers from the ITU Rec. E.164 public telecommunication numbering plan into the Internet Domain Name System (DNS) as domain names. ENUM potentially presents significant public policy issues at both the domestic and international levels. Ultimately, it should not matter whether ENUM is approached as a telecommunications issue or an Internet issue because: (1) they are becoming the same thing technically, and (2) they engage the same global public interests. For the same reasons as apply to traditional telecommunications, and even to the Internet itself, public oversight of ENUM naming, numbering, and addressing resources is justified both by technical necessity and the interests of consumer protection (particularly personal privacy) and competition at higher service layers. A single, coordinated global DNS domain for at least Tier 0 (the international level) of the ENUM names hierarchy should be designated by public authorities. Many of the technical characteristics and policy considerations relevant at the ENUM Tier 0 and 1 zones are also directly applicable to the Internet's IP address space and DNS root (or Tier 0) zone - key shared elements of the Internet's logical infrastructure. Despite the fundamentally international nature of the Internet's logical infrastructure layer, and the purported privatization of administration of its IP address space and the DNS, Internet governance is not yet truly international. The ENUM policy debate illustrates the need for authoritative international public oversight of public communications network logical infrastructure, including that of traditional telecommunications, the Internet, and ENUM.
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