类固醇的不对称监管：美国竞争政策和光纤到户
Asymmetric Regulation on Steroids: U.S. Competition Policy and Fiber to the Home
摘要：
光纤到户（FTTH）描述了一系列新兴技术，这些技术有可能影响本地接入的竞争。一方面，将光纤部署到住宅的高成本表明FTTH网络之间基于设施的竞争受到限制。另一方面，FTTH为服务水平竞争开辟了新的可能性，服务水平竞争的定义是多个高层服务提供商共享单个网络基础设施，无论是相同还是不同的服务。然而，技术很难成为独立影响未来当地接入竞争的外生因素;监管环境也起着关键作用。通过对未来竞争需求的预期，当前的法规影响着网络运营商在竞争FTTH技术中的部署选择，以及供应商和标准机构对尚在开发中的技术的设计选择。可能部署FTTH的网络运营商包括现有本地交换运营商（ILEC）、现有有线电视运营商、竞争性接入提供商（包括CLEC）、独立电话公司和市政当局。本文回顾了适用于这些类别的服务水平竞争的相关规则。从本质上讲，该论文发现，如果目前的监管趋势继续下去，当FTTH开始更普遍地部署时，服务水平竞争监管的不对称性将加剧。目前的监管要求要么不存在，要么非常详细，并且针对技术和服务（例如UNE）。我们认为，这两种方法都不太可能实现FTTH的预期结果，鉴于新兴FTTH技术的当前状态。
英文摘要：
Fiber to the Home (FTTH) describes a set of emerging technologies with the potential to affect competition in local access. On one hand, the high cost of deploying fiber to the residence suggests limitations on facilities-based competition among FTTH networks. On the other hand, FTTH opens up new possibilities for service-level competition, defined as the sharing of a single network infrastructure by multiple higher-layer service providers, whether of the same or different services. Yet technology is hardly an exogenous factor that independently shapes future local access competition; the regulatory environment also plays a key role. By shaping expectations about future competitive requirements, current regulations influence network operators' deployment choices among competing FTTH technologies, as well as design choices made by vendors and standards bodies for technologies still under development.The current regulatory approach to FTTH is far from consistent. Network operators likely to deploy FTTH include Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers (ILECs), incumbent cable operators, competitive access providers (including CLECs), independent telephone companies, and municipalities. This paper reviews the rules related to service-level competition that apply to each of these categories. In essence, the paper finds that if current regulatory trends continue, asymmetries in the regulation of service-level competition will be on steroids by the time FTTH starts being more commonly deployed. Current regulatory requirements are either non-existent, or extremely detailed and technology- and service- specific (e.g. UNEs). We argue that neither of these approaches is likely to achieve the desired result for FTTH, given the current state of flux in emerging FTTH technology.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
