网络上的垄断力量--对搜索引擎的初步考察
Monopoly Power on the Web - A Preliminary Investigation of Search Engines
摘要：
电子商务对传统的评估垄断做法的方法提出了挑战，这是由于电子商务的快速增长、技术的迅速变化、难以评估网站等信息产品的市场份额以及公司之间的高度互联和联盟。本文提供了一个基本框架，集成了网络和经济的角度来看，搜索引擎市场。研究结果表明：（1）尽管越来越多的搜索引擎，进入壁垒似乎很高，主要是由于指数增长的网站数量和当前的搜索技术和集体转换成本的不可扩展性;（2）旧的搜索引擎网站往往有更多的功能锁定用户。使用标准经济指标（CR 4 =58%和HHI=1163），该行业看起来接近受到反竞争行为的困扰。但基于本文构建的网络调整后的HHI，其值为870，表明没有那么值得关注。根据所有指标，它表明雅虎将是一个竞争者。其他可能的竞争者是MSN和Netscape。根据迄今为止的结果，一些搜索引擎不断增加他们的受众范围，而另一些则没有。这一趋势表明，某些搜索引擎可能会主导搜索引擎市场。我们建议对搜索引擎的覆盖性能进行研究，并将“信息搜索成本”作为搜索技术的性能指标。此外，我们建议留意任何反竞争行为（例如捆绑销售产品），以免影响竞争及减低消费者福利。将网络理论与经济学理论相结合来研究搜索引擎市场是电子商务研究的一个特别有力的方法。
英文摘要：
E-Commerce challenges traditional approaches to assessing monopolistic practices due to the rapid rate of growth, rapid change in technology, difficulty in assessing market share for information products like web sites, and high degree of interconnectivity and alliance formation among corporations. This paper has provided a fundamental framework that integrates a network and economic perspective to the search engine market. The findings indicate that (1) despite an increasing number of search engines, barriers to entry seem high, largely due to the exponential growth in the number of web sites and the non-scalability of the current search technology and collective switching costs; (2) older search engine sites tend typically to have more features to lock in users. Using standard economic indicators (CR4=58% and HHI=1163), the industry looks close to being plagued by anticompetitive practices. But based on a network adjusted HHI constructed in this paper, its value, 870, suggests that there is less cause for concern. Based on all indicators, it suggests that Yahoo would be a contender. Other possible contenders are MSN and Netscape. On the basis of results to date, some search engines keep increasing their audience reach while others don't. The trend shows that some search engines may dominate the search engine market. We suggest conducting research in the coverage performance of search engines and investigate "information search cost" as a performance indicator of search techniques. In addition, we suggest paying attention to any anticompetitive conduct (e.g. product bundling) that may lesson competition and reduce consumer welfare. The combination of network theory and economic theory to study the search engine market is a particularly powerful approach for E-Commerce.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
