公用事业放松管制的危机与福利国家的不被承认
Crisis of Public Utility Deregulation and the Unrecognized Welfare State
摘要：
要成功地实现公共政策，就必须满足影响政策通过和维持的政治可行性以及所需活动或企业的经济可行性的条件。鉴于普通法的“公平价格”和“影响公共利益的业务”原则的遗产，本文讨论了满足这些共同限制的困难。“在这方面，将传统的公用事业监管视为福利国家监管的一种形式是有帮助的，因为它受到政策紧缩的类似政治问题的困扰。裁员问题的背景下，在加利福尼亚州的电力危机，以及1996年的电信法的通过和实施进行审查。正如预期的那样，从低住宅零售利率--对客户来说最普遍的好处--中削减开支面临着最大的政治阻力。鉴于在放松管制制度下更大的不稳定性和政治困难，必须重新审查垄断与竞争之间的社会权衡。
英文摘要：
Successful achievement of public policies requires satisfaction of conditions affecting political feasibility for policy adoption and maintenance as well as economic viability of the desired activity or enterprise. This paper discusses the difficulties of satisfying these joint constraints given the legacy of the common law doctrines of "just price" and "businesses affected with a public interest." In this regard, it is helpful to view traditional public utility regulation as a form of welfare state regulation, as it suffers from similar political problems from policy retrenchment. The retrenchment problems are examined in the context of the electricity crisis in California as well as the passage and implementation of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. As expected, retrenchment from low residential retail rates - the most universalistic benefit for customers - faces the greatest political resistance. The societal trade-offs between monopoly and competition must be reexamined in light of the greater instability and political difficulties under a deregulatory regime.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
