生物运动的真实感模型
Realistic Models of Biological Motion
摘要：
生物运动的起源可以追溯到分子马达蛋白的功能。细胞质动力蛋白和驱动蛋白在我们的细胞内沿着一条聚合物细丝（微管）运输细胞器。肌球蛋白分子沿着肌动蛋白丝的运动是我们肌肉收缩的原因。最近的实验已经能够揭示个别运动蛋白的运动的一些重要特征，并且已经开发了一种新的统计物理描述-通常被称为“热棘轮”-用于描述这些分子的运动。在这种方法中，电机被认为是布朗粒子沿一维周期性结构的运动，由于非平衡涨落的影响。假设粒子之间的特定类型的相互作用，可以使模型更逼真。我们已经能够给我们的模型的驱动蛋白与弹性耦合的布朗头和肌球蛋白丝的运动，其中电机连接通过一个刚性的骨干解析解。我们的理论预测与各种实验结果非常一致。此外，我们考虑了大量的分子马达之间的相互作用所产生的影响，导致了一些新的合作运输现象。
英文摘要：
The origin of biological motion can be traced back to the function of molecular motor proteins. Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin transport organelles within our cells moving along a polymeric filament, the microtubule. The motion of the myosin molecules along the actin filaments is responsible for the contraction of our muscles. Recent experiments have been able to reveal some important features of the motion of individual motor proteins, and a new statistical physical description - often referred to as ``thermal ratchets'' - has been developed for the description of motion of these molecules. In this approach the motors are considered as Brownian particles moving along one-dimensional periodic structures due to the effect of nonequilibrium fluctuations. Assuming specific types of interaction between the particles the models can be made more realistic. We have been able to give analytic solutions for our model of kinesin with elastically coupled Brownian heads and for the motion of the myosin filament where the motors are connected through a rigid backbone. Our theoretical predictions are in a very good agreement with the various experimental results. In addition, we have considered the effects arising as a result of interaction among a large number of molecular motors, leading to a number of novel cooperative transport phenomena.
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