宇宙学常数$Λ$、宇宙年龄和暗物质：来自Ly $α$ -森林的线索
The Cosmological Constant $Λ$, the Age of the Universe and Dark Matter: Clues from the Ly$α$-Forest
摘要：
正宇宙学常数$Λ$的证据，来自类星体高分辨率光谱中的Ly $α$森林，导致一个封闭的，低密度的，$Λ$占主导地位的宇宙。分析是基于一个普遍的壳结构的假设，主要与哈勃流扩展。支持这一结论的证据来自天空中两个相距8弧分的类星体光谱中的两对非常宽的吸收线。这些结果矛盾的密度参数$Ω_{M,0}$的较高值，例如，从星系团的纯引力不稳定性理论。其含义和宇宙中的非重子暗物质的数量进行了讨论与一些$Λ$主导的模型，特别是与$Ω_{M,0} = 0.2$和纯重子模型。证据指向低密度，球形度量的封闭模型，永远膨胀。
英文摘要：
Evidence for a positive cosmological constant $Λ$, derived from the Ly$α$-forest in high-resolution spectra of quasars, leads to a closed, low-density, $Λ$-dominated universe. The analysis is based on the assumption of a universal shell structure expanding predominantly with the Hubble flow. Supporting evidence comes from two pairs of very wide absorption lines in the spectra of two quasars separated by 8 arcmin on the sky. These results contradict the higher values of the density parameter $Ω_{M,0}$ derived, for example, from clusters of galaxies by the pure gravitational instability theory. Implications thereof and for the amount of non-baryonic dark matter in the universe are discussed with some $Λ$-dominated models, in particular with $Ω_{M,0} = 0.2$ and with pure baryonic models. The evidence points to low-density, closed models with spherical metric, expanding forever.
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