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多波段测量中的光度协方差:了解SDSS中的光度误差

Photometric Covariance in Multi-Band Surveys: Understanding the Photometric Error in the SDSS

Ryan Scranton, Andrew J. Connolly, Alexander S. Szalay, Robert H. Lupton, David Johnston, Tamas Budavari, John Brinkman, Masataka Fukugita

摘要:

在本文中,我们描述了一个详细的分析光度的不确定性存在于斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)成像调查的基础上重复观测约200平方度的天空。我们表明,对于标准的SDSS孔径系统(petrocounts,counts_model,psfcounts和cmodel_counts),由SDSS光度管道产生的误差低估了在各个波段观察到的散射。不一致的程度是孔径和星等的强函数(范围从20%到大于2的因子)。我们还发现,测光在五个光学波段可以高度相关的点源和星系,虽然点源的相关性几乎完全是由于可变对象。在不校正该协方差的情况下,SDSS颜色误差可能被高估2到3倍。结合这些相反的影响,SDSS误差的颜色与观察到的颜色变化,约10-20%,为大多数光圈和幅度。我们提供了一个处方,以纠正来自SDSS光度管道作为一个函数的幅度和半分析方法,用于生成适当的协方差不同的光度通带之间的错误。鉴于这些相关性的内在性质,我们预计所有当前和未来的多波段调查也将观察到强协变幅度。这些调查完成其科学目标的能力在很大程度上取决于基于颜色的目标选择和光度红移;这些结果显示了花费早期调查操作的很大一部分重新成像以经验确定任何观测/还原管道的光度协方差的重要性。

英文摘要:

In this paper we describe a detailed analysis of the photometric uncertainties present within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging survey based on repeat observations of approximately 200 square degrees of the sky. We show that, for the standard SDSS aperture systems (petrocounts, counts_model, psfcounts and cmodel_counts), the errors generated by the SDSS photometric pipeline under-estimate the observed scatter in the individual bands. The degree of disagreement is a strong function of aperture and magnitude (ranging from 20% to more than a factor of 2). We also find that the photometry in the five optical bands can be highly correlated for both point sources and galaxies, although the correlation for point sources is almost entirely due to variable objects. Without correcting for this covariance the SDSS color errors could be in over-estimated by a factor of two to three. Combining these opposing effects, the SDSS errors on the colors differ from the observed color variation by approximately 10-20% for most apertures and magnitudes. We provide a prescription to correct the errors derived from the SDSS photometric pipeline as a function of magnitude and a semi-analytic method for generating the appropriate covariance between the different photometric passbands. Given the intrinsic nature of these correlations, we expect that all current and future multi-band surveys will also observe strongly covariant magnitudes. The ability of these surveys to complete their science goals is largely dependent on color-based target selection and photometric redshifts; these results show the importance of spending a significant fraction of early survey operations on re-imaging to empirically determine the photometric covariance of any observing/reduction pipeline.

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