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arXiv astro-ph/0209034astro-ph
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尘埃颗粒对早期星系演化的影响

Effects of dust grains on early galaxy evolution

H. Hirashita, A. Ferrara

摘要:

恒星由分子气体形成,并在其最后的演化阶段提供尘埃颗粒;反过来,氢分子(H2)在尘埃颗粒上更有效地产生。因此,尘埃可以大大加速H2的形成,从而增强恒星的形成活动。为了研究星系中恒星和尘埃的首次形成,我们模拟了红移范围为5<z<20的星系演化。特别是,我们专注于尘埃形成的II型超新星喷出物和H2生产尘埃颗粒之间的相互作用。这种效应导致恒星形成速率在比哈勃时标短的时间尺度(~3--5个星系动力学时间)上提高一个数量级。我们还发现,大约有一半的辐射能量从恒星的尘埃颗粒进行再处理,并最终在远红外(FIR)辐射。典型的恒星形成率和光度(FIR,UV和金属线光度)计算了一个大的集合(M_vir,z_vir)。利用这些结果和Press-Schechter公式,我们计算了高红移(z>5)星系在亚毫米波段和近红外波段的星系数和积分光。我们发现:i)ALMA可以探测到每平方度数千个星系的尘埃辐射,ii)NGST可以探测到每平方度10^6个星系的恒星辐射。进一步的观测检查我们的预测包括金属(氧和碳)线的综合通量。最后,我们讨论了可能的颜色选择高红移星系搜索策略。

英文摘要:

Stars form out of molecular gas and supply dust grains during their last evolutionary stages; in turn hydrogen molecules (H2) are produced more efficiently on dust grains. Therefore, dust can drastically accelerate H2 formation, leading to an enhancement of star formation activity. In order to examine the first formation of stars and dust in galaxies, we model the evolution of galaxies in the redshift range of 5<z<20. In particular, we focus on the interplay between dust formation in Type II supernova ejecta and H2 production on dust grains. Such effect causes an enhancement of star formation rate by an order of magnitude on a timescale (~3--5 galactic dynamical times) shorter than the Hubble timescale. We also find that about half of the radiative energy from stars is reprocessed by dust grains and is finally radiated in the far infrared (FIR). Typical star formation rates and luminosities (FIR, UV and metal-line luminosities) are calculated for a large set of (M_vir, z_vir). Using these results and the Press-Schechter formalism, we calculate galaxy number counts and integrated light from high-redshift (z>5) galaxies in sub-millimetre and near-infrared bands. We find that: i) ALMA can detect dust emission from several thousands of galaxies per square degree, and ii) NGST can detect the stellar emission from 10^6 galaxies per square degree. Further observational checks of our predictions include the integrated flux of metal (oxygen and carbon) lines. We finally discuss possible color selection strategies for high-redshift galaxy searches.

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