ECLAIRs：观测伽马射线暴即时光学和X射线发射的微型卫星
ECLAIRs: A microsatellite to observe the prompt optical and X-ray emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts
摘要：
ECLAIR是法国的一颗微型卫星，专门用于观测伽马射线暴的即时光学和X射线发射。对于每年约100个伽玛暴，ECLAIR将提供高时间分辨率高灵敏度的光谱覆盖范围从几eV到~50 keV，近实时定位到~5 arcsec。这种能力是通过将共享共同视场（约1/6天空）的宽视场光学和X射线相机与提供突发的触发和粗略定位的编码掩模成像望远镜相结合来实现的。由于伽马射线暴触发后地面观测的延迟，ECLAIR在观测光学波长上所有伽马射线暴的早期阶段（最初~20秒）的能力方面是独一无二的。此外，凭借其操作模式，ECLAIR将能够搜索理论上预期的光学和X射线前兆。最后，ECLAIR建议与GLAST在同步轨道上同时运行。这种结合将确保两颗卫星探测到的伽马射线暴的宽波段光谱覆盖范围从eV到GeV，ECLAIR进一步提供准确的定位，以便进行后续研究。
英文摘要：
ECLAIRs is a French microsatellite devoted to the observation of the prompt optical and X-ray emission of GRBs. For about 100 GRBs/yr, independent of their duration, ECLAIRs will provide high time resolution high sensitivity spectral coverage from a few eV up to ~50 keV and localization to ~5 arcsec in near real time. This capability is achieved by combining wide field optical and X-ray cameras sharing a common field of view (~1/6th of the sky) with the coded-mask imaging telescopes providing the triggers and the coarse localizations of the bursts. Given the delays to start ground-based observations in response to a GRB trigger, ECLAIRs is unique in its ability to observe the early phases (the first ~20 sec) of all GRBs at optical wavelengths. Furthermore, with its mode of operation, ECLAIRs will enable to search for optical and X-ray precursors expected from theoretical grounds. Finally ECLAIRs is proposed to operate simultaneously with GLAST on a synchronous orbit. This combination will ensure broad band spectral coverage from eV to GeV energies for the GRBs detected by the two satellites, ECLAIRs further providing their accurate localization to enable follow-up studies.
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