发表机构
Durham University; University of Victoria; Korea University（杜伦大学; 维多利亚大学; 韩国大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究通过理想与宇宙学气体流模型，揭示恒星形成星系三个核心标度关系存在层级结构，三者相关性可由单一框架导出，为关联星系观测量与重子循环提供基础。
AI 中文摘要
恒星形成主序（SFMS；恒星质量$M_\star$——特定恒星形成率sSFR）、气体-恒星质量关系（$M_\star$——气体质量与恒星质量之比$M_{\rm gas}/M_\star$）以及质量-金属丰度关系（MZR；$M_\star$——气体金属丰度$Z_{\rm gas}$）是恒星形成星系的三个核心标度关系，共同编码了星系演化过程中重子循环的信息。我们通过模拟调控重子循环的气体流，结合理想气体流模型与宇宙学气体流模型，探究这些关系的形成机制，识别出三者间存在层级结构，每一步都会有一个额外参数进入散度预算。在我们的模型中，SFMS及其散度主要由宿主暗晕的形成时间决定，对恒星形成效率和质量加载因子的依赖较弱；气体-恒星质量关系由sSFR与恒星形成效率的比值决定，继承了两者的散度；MZR则由气体-恒星质量关系与质量加载因子共同决定，两者的相对贡献取决于星系演化状态处于流入驱动 regime 还是平衡态。该层级结构自然地在三个关系间引入了进一步的相关性，例如恒星形成基本平面（$M_\star$——$M_{\rm gas}$——SFR）、金属丰度基本关系（$M_\star$——SFR——$Z_{\rm gas}$）及其气体对应体（$M_\star$——$M_{\rm gas}$——$Z_{\rm gas}$），以及各关系与星系大小的相关性（星系大小通过恒星形成律追踪恒星形成效率）。三个核心标度关系及其间的高维相关性均可由单一框架导出，为将恒星形成星系的观测量与 underlying 重子循环建立联系提供了基础。
英文摘要
The star-forming main sequence (SFMS; $M_\star$--sSFR), the gas-to-stellar mass relation ($M_\star$--$M_{\rm gas}/M_\star$), and the mass--metallicity relation (MZR; $M_\star$--$Z_{\rm gas}$) are three core scaling relations for star-forming galaxies, and together they encode the information about the baryon cycle that operates during galaxy evolution. We investigate how these relations emerge by modelling the gas flows that regulate the baryon cycle, using both an ideal and a cosmological gas flow model, and identify a hierarchy among the three relations, with one further parameter entering the scatter budget at each step. In our model, the SFMS and its scatter are set primarily by the formation time of the host halo, with a weak dependence on the star formation efficiency and the mass-loading factor. The gas-to-stellar mass relation follows from the ratio of the sSFR to the star formation efficiency, and inherits the scatter of both. The MZR in turn follows from the gas-to-stellar mass relation together with the mass-loading factor, their relative contributions depending on the galaxy evolutionary state between the inflow-driven regime and equilibrium. This hierarchy naturally introduces further correlations among the three relations, such as the fundamental plane of star formation ($M_\star$--$M_{\rm gas}$--SFR), the fundamental metallicity relation ($M_\star$--SFR--$Z_{\rm gas}$) and its gaseous counterpart ($M_\star$--$M_{\rm gas}$--$Z_{\rm gas}$), and the correlations of each relation with galaxy size, which traces the star formation efficiency through the star formation law. Together, the three core scaling relations and the higher-dimensional correlations among them follow from a single framework, providing a foundation for linking the observables of star-forming galaxies to the underlying baryon cycle.
Comments15 pages, 7 figures; illustrative figures are Fig. 3 and 4; submitted to MNRAS
