发表机构
University of Oxford; Nikhef; CERN（牛津大学; 尼赫夫国家粒子物理研究所; 欧洲核子研究组织）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用CERN SPS的180 GeV/c混合强子束流与Timepix4束流望远镜，通过四维拟合实现50皮秒量级顶点重建，达到54±5皮秒的时间分辨率，为未来高堆积度探测器精密定时奠定重要实验基础。
AI 中文摘要
本文报道了利用硅像素探测器实现50皮秒量级四维顶点重建的首次演示。通过将180 GeV/c的混合强子束流导向欧洲核子中心（CERN）超级质子同步加速器（SPS）上Timepix4束流望远镜上游的固定靶，产生强子相互作用。利用包含时间参数与空间参数的四维径迹和顶点拟合对产生的粒子进行重建。顶点时间分辨率遵循与时间测量数量相关的预期统计标度，对于由16个时间平面簇重建的顶点，其时间分辨率达到54±5皮秒。拟合分辨率模型中存在29.2±0.6皮秒的不可约分量，该分量主要来自时钟分布和时间参考系统，而非时间测量的组合。观测到的分辨率可降至54皮秒且无意外的分辨率下限，这是未来高堆积度探测器精密定时领域的重要实验进展。
英文摘要
The first demonstration of 4D vertex reconstruction at the $50\,\mathrm{ps}$ scale using a silicon pixel detector is reported. Hadronic interactions are produced by directing a $180\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$ mixed-hadron beam onto a fixed target upstream of the Timepix4 beam telescope at the CERN SPS. The resulting particles are reconstructed using 4D track and vertex fits that include time directly alongside the spatial parameters. The vertex time resolution follows the expected statistical scaling with the number of timing measurements, reaching $54\pm5\,\mathrm{ps}$ for vertices reconstructed from 16 timing-plane clusters. An irreducible component of $29.2\pm0.6\,\mathrm{ps}$ remains in the fitted resolution model, including sizeable contributions from the clock distribution and the time reference system rather than from the combination of the timing measurements. The observed scaling down to $54\,\mathrm{ps}$ without an unforeseen resolution floor above represents a significant experimental step towards precision-timing in future high-pile-up detectors.
