发表机构
University of Wuerzburg; Siemens AG（维尔茨堡大学; 西门子股份公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本教程提出可本地应用的TSN分布式延迟模型，给出四类整形器的延迟计算伪代码，经评估不同整形器适配不同网络与流量分布，助力TSN标准化。
AI 中文摘要
工业自动化和车载通信领域的最新进展，提高了对其底层网络的要求。传统现场总线技术正被具备IEEE时间敏感网络工作组特性的普通以太网设备取代，相关标准旨在实现零拥塞丢失和确定性延迟边界，但具体保障措施因所用整形器及边界计算方式而异。在标准化工作取得多项成果后，本研究提出了多种可在交换机本地应用的分布式延迟模型，无需依赖网络其余部分的全局知识。该研究包含延迟段的形式化定义，可用于未来整合不同整形器与延迟模型间的互操作性；还给出了严格优先级、基于信用的整形（Credit-Based Shaping）、异步流量整形（Asynchronous Traffic Shaping）和循环排队转发（Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding）的延迟边界计算伪代码建议，所有这些均可在设备本地应用。最后，实现了五种模型，并针对延迟、抖动和可接受流数量的效率进行评估，结果表明不同整形器适用于不同的网络和流量分布。
英文摘要
Recent advancements in the fields of industrial automation and in-vehicle communication have also increased the requirements on their underlying networks. Traditional field bus technologies are being replaced by regular Ethernet devices with features from the IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking working group. Their standards are designed to achieve zero congestion loss and deterministic latency bounds, but the specific guarantees can differ depending on the shapers used and how the bounds are calculated. After several contributions to the standardization efforts, this work presents a number of decentralized latency models that can be applied locally on the switches, without requiring global knowledge from the rest of the network. It includes a formal definition of delay segments that allows to incorporate interoperability between different shapers and latency models in the future. It presents pseudo-code suggestions for the latency bounds computation of Strict Priority, Credit-Based Shaping, Asynchronous Traffic Shaping, and Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding, all of which can be applied locally on the devices. Finally, five models were implemented and evaluated with respect to their efficiency in terms of latency, jitter, and number of accepted streams. The results illustrate how different shapers are suited for different networks and traffic distributions.
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