发表机构
Gümüşhane University（居姆沙汗大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本综述梳理有限时间、固定时间等按时控制的混淆术语，分离时间特性、李雅普诺夫分析特征与控制器架构三类问题，审核研究的保证有效性，指出误差影响与实验局限，并提出开放问题。
AI 中文摘要
许多控制任务不仅要求最终达到目标，还要求按时到达。有限时间控制、固定时间控制、预定义时间控制和规定时间控制均满足这一需求，但这些术语的使用较为松散：随初始条件增长的调节时间、对所有初始条件成立的界、设计者选定的截止时间以及仅在终端时刻达到的极限常被归为同一名称。本综述旨在使此类主张具有可比性，将常被混淆的三个问题分开：承诺的时间特性是什么、李雅普诺夫分析的哪个特征产生该特性、哪种控制器架构将其带入闭环。一个反复出现的问题是，为理想化闭环证明的保证在加入观测器、自适应、扰动、执行器限制和数字实现后是否仍然成立。因此，所考察的研究被逐一审核，记录每项研究的主张、实际被验证的变量以及结果的验证方式。审核显示，估计和近似误差常将精确保证简化为实用保证，且实验证据大多来自快速机电系统。一个具有两种互补调谐的标量基准表明，方法间的表观差异有多少源于保守界、初始条件依赖性和数值容差，饱和与采样如何延迟或消除截止时间。本综述以开放问题收尾，其中包括确定给定被控对象可满足哪些截止时间、跨互联子系统组合保证以及在实现过程中保留保证。
英文摘要
Many control tasks require a target to be reached not only eventually but on time. Finite-, fixed-, predefined-, and prescribed-time control address this need, yet the labels are used loosely: a settling time that grows with the initial condition, a bound that holds for all initial conditions, a deadline chosen by the designer, and a limit attained only at the terminal instant often share one name. This review aims to make such claims comparable. It separates three questions that are often conflated: what temporal property is promised, which feature of the Lyapunov analysis produces it, and which controller architecture carries it into the closed loop. A recurring question is whether a guarantee proven for an idealized loop survives once observers, adaptation, disturbances, actuator limits, and digital implementation are included. The examined studies are therefore audited one by one, recording what each claims, which variable is actually certified, and how the result is validated. The audit shows that estimation and approximation errors often reduce an exact guarantee to a practical one, and that experimental evidence comes mostly from fast electromechanical systems. A scalar benchmark with two complementary tunings shows how much of the apparent difference between methods stems from conservative bounds, initial-condition dependence, and numerical tolerance, and how saturation and sampling can delay or remove a deadline. The review closes with open problems, among them deciding which deadlines a given plant can meet, combining certificates across interconnected subsystems, and preserving a guarantee through implementation.
