重新定义燃料贫困：引入时间公平框架（TEF）
Redefining fuel poverty: Introducing the temporal equity framework (TEF)
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对英国燃料贫困官方定义的缺陷，本文提出时间公平框架（TEF），通过实证分析验证其能更准确评估能源转型，助力公平的能源转型。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
燃料（或能源）贫困的定义与量化仍存在争议，尤其在英国政策领域。当前官方定义“低收入低能源效率（LILEE）”系统性低估了中低收入家庭的燃料贫困状况，有效掩盖了不断变化的能源可负担性规范。本文对英国诺丁汉市的燃料贫困轨迹开展敏感性分析，涉及不同定义、乐观的国内能效升级场景与悲观的能源价格通胀场景。结果显示，LILEE夸大了能效升级的成效，却未能充分反映价格冲击的影响。为解决这些缺陷，本文提出时间公平框架（TEF），这是一种基于预算标准的方法，搭配比例能源支出指标，能更公平地捕捉不断变化的可负担性规范。TEF还引入了基于连续支出的深度指标，用于评估燃料贫困家庭的固化程度（燃料贫困缺口）与非燃料贫困家庭的韧性（燃料贫困缓冲）。本文认为，灵活的定义需将燃料贫困视为脆弱性的连续体，而非静态的二元状态，这对确保能源转型的公平性至关重要；采用TEF可显著改进燃料贫困的早期识别与补救资源的空间分配。本文结论指出，采用基于多维预算标准的定义，对更准确、公正地评估英国的能源转型至关重要。
英文摘要
The definition and quantification of fuel (or energy) poverty remain contentious, particularly within the English policy landscape. The current official definition - Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) - systematically underestimates the condition in low- and middle-income households, effectively obfuscating changing energy affordability norms. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of fuel poverty trajectories in Nottingham, UK, across competing definitions and diverging optimistic domestic efficiency upgrades) and pessimistic (energy price inflation) scenarios. Results demonstrate that LILEE overstates the efficacy of efficiency upgrades while failing to adequately reflect the impact of price shocks. To address these deficiencies, we propose the Temporal Equity Framework (TEF), a budget standard-based approach paired with a proportional energy expenditure indicator that captures shifting affordability norms more equitably. The TEF also introduces continuous expenditure-based depth indicators to evaluate the entrenchment of fuel-poor households (the fuel poverty gap) and the resilience of non-fuel-poor households (the fuel poverty buffer). We argue that responsive definitions which also recognise fuel poverty as a continuum of vulnerability, rather than a static, dichotomous state, are paramount to ensuring the equitability of energy transitions. Further, we suggest that the early identification of fuel poverty and spatial targeting of remedial resources could be markedly improved by adopting the TEF. We conclude that the adoption of a multidimensional budget standard-based definition is essential to facilitate a more accurate and just evaluation of energy transitions in England.
