发表机构
Scuola Normale Superiore; Italian Institute of Technology; University of Genoa（高等师范学院; 意大利理工学院; 热那亚大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用稀土-过渡金属亚铁磁体的成分梯度，实现了斯格明子的确定性成核与高速、低霍尔效应的可控输运，还可通过局域成分变化实现阈值控制的捕获与释放。
AI 中文摘要
磁性斯格明子通常通过局域激发方法成核，如激光加热、自旋轨道转矩或工程化缺陷，其可控输运常受斯格明子霍尔效应限制。本文展示，可通过图案化激光写入实现的稀土-过渡金属合金空间梯度，能实现确定性成核与可控输运。该策略利用工程化成分梯度跨越磁化补偿点，定义出磁化方向相反的区域；垂直磁场可选择性反转磁化，生成斯格明子。关键在于，相同的成分设计可将通道调谐至自旋角动量补偿点，在此处斯格明子受自旋轨道转矩驱动，以高速运动且斯格明子霍尔效应消失；局域成分变化充当钉扎位点，实现阈值控制的捕获与释放。
英文摘要
Magnetic skyrmions are typically nucleated via localized excitation methods, such as laser heating, spin-orbit torques, or engineered defects, and their controlled transport is often limited by the skyrmion Hall effect. Here, we demonstrate that spatial gradients in rare-earth--transition-metal alloys, achievable through patterned laser writing, enable both deterministic nucleation and controlled transport. The strategy leverages engineered compositional gradient to cross the magnetization compensation point, defining regions with opposite magnetization. An out-of-plane magnetic field selectively reverses the magnetization, generating a skyrmion. Crucially, the same compositional design enables a channel tuned to the spin angular momentum compensation point, where skyrmions are driven by spin-orbit torques at high velocity with vanishing skyrmion Hall effect. Local composition variations act as pinning sites, enabling threshold-controlled trapping and release.
