发表机构
College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学计算机学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究针对大规模超导量子处理器的串扰与参数漂移问题，提出定量校准与维护规则，在66、337量子比特处理器上验证了规则的有效性，为相关系统的自动校准提供实验参考。
AI 中文摘要
随着超导量子处理器向数百量子比特规模扩展，手动校准的成本日益高昂且难以持续。本文针对自动校准的两个系统级因素，即并行操作引发的串扰和控制参数的时间漂移展开研究。在一款66量子比特的超导处理器上，交叉熵基准测试显示，单量子比特校准可容忍全芯片并发操作，且保真度损失极小；而CZ校准则需要耦合器图距离至少为4，以避免控制误差升高。对代表性量子比特和耦合器参数的持续监测进一步得出定量刷新规则，该规则通过误差预算消耗情况分配刷新优先级。这些成果将校准任务的并发密度、各控制参数的刷新优先级这两项传统上依赖经验的选择，转化为可量化的操作规则。这些规则在自动校准框架中实施后，成功制备出六量子比特Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态，其零噪声外推保真度达89.64%；在单周期重复码基准测试中实现了距离相关的逻辑误差抑制；并将337量子比特处理器的平均单量子比特误差从0.023降至0.011，为当前及未来大规模超导量子系统的自动校准与维护提供了实验依据。
英文摘要
As superconducting quantum processors scale toward hundreds of qubits, manual calibration becomes increasingly costly and difficult to sustain. Here we address two system-level factors governing automated calibration, namely, crosstalk induced by parallel operations and temporal drift of control parameters. On a 66-qubit superconducting processor, cross-entropy benchmarking shows that single-qubit calibration tolerates full-chip concurrency with minimal fidelity loss, whereas CZ calibration requires a minimum coupler-graph distance of four to avoid elevated control errors. Continuous monitoring of representative qubit and coupler parameters further yields quantitative refresh rules that assign refresh priority by error-budget consumption. These results turn two conventionally heuristic choices, the concurrency density of calibration tasks and the refresh priority of each control parameter, into measurable operating rules. Implemented within an automated calibration framework, the rules support a six-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state with a zero-noise-extrapolated fidelity of 89.64%, distance-dependent logical-error suppression in a single-cycle repetition-code benchmark, and a reduction of the mean single-qubit error from 0.023 to 0.011 on a 337-qubit processor, providing an experimentally grounded reference for the automated calibration and maintenance of current and future large-scale superconducting quantum systems.
