发表机构
School of Integrated Circuits, Chengdu Technological University; Center for Theoretical Physics, Henan Normal University; Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE) & Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（成都工业学院集成电路学院; 河南师范大学理论物理中心; 中国科学院理论物理研究所; 上海交通大学汤川研究所暗物质物理国家重点实验室; 上海交通大学粒子天体物理与宇宙学教育部重点实验室及上海粒子物理与宇宙学重点实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究分析有限尺寸暗物质的p波索末菲共振，发现其p波贡献可超s波，虽共振弱于点状暗物质但速度依赖相似，团块暗物质的p波增强表现与点状暗物质类似。
AI 中文摘要
宇宙演化的不同阶段对暗物质湮灭截面提出了不同要求，索末菲增强为满足这些要求提供了可能途径。然而在点状暗物质场景中，用s波或p波索末菲增强满足这些要求会对暗物质、媒介子的质量及其耦合强度施加严格限制。有限尺寸暗物质会引入一个额外参数，可能放宽这些限制。受此可能性驱动，本研究在不指定其内部结构的情况下，分析了有限尺寸暗物质（如质子或中子）的p波索末菲共振。研究发现，p波的贡献可超过s波的贡献；不过，有限尺寸暗物质的p波共振弱于点状暗物质的情况，尽管存在这种抑制，其速度依赖关系仍与点状暗物质相似。随后，我们将分析扩展至由少量组分构成的团块（nugget）暗物质，此时其p波索末菲增强表现与点状暗物质类似。
英文摘要
Different stages of cosmic evolution impose different requirements on the dark matter annihilation cross section. Sommerfeld enhancement provides a possible way to accommodate them. However, in the point-like dark matter scenario, satisfying these requirements with either $s$-wave or $p$-wave Sommerfeld enhancement can strongly constrain the dark matter and mediator masses and their coupling. A finite dark matter size introduces an additional parameter and may relax these constraints. Motivated by this possibility, in this work we study the $p$-wave Sommerfeld resonances of finite-size dark matter (like proton or neutron) without specifying its internal structure. We find that the $p$-wave contribution can exceed the $s$-wave contribution. Nevertheless, the finite-size $p$-wave resonances are weaker than those in the point-like case. Despite this suppression, their velocity dependence remains similar to that of point-like dark matter. We then extend our analysis to nugget dark matter composed of a small number of constituents. In this case, the $p$-wave Sommerfeld enhancement exhibits behavior similar to that of point-like dark matter.
Comments15 pages, 6 figures
