发表机构
The Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述黑洞超辐射得到的极轻玻色子的电磁与引力波约束，强调其假设与系统不确定性，指出二者在 $10^{-13}$-$10^{-12}$ eV 质量区的重叠覆盖为模型验证提供互补视角。
AI 中文摘要
极轻玻色子是超出标准模型新物理的极具潜力的候选者，可能构成部分或全部暗物质。黑洞超辐射通过极轻玻色子与旋转黑洞的引力相互作用，为探测这些粒子提供了强大手段。该机制已催生了大量来自黑洞自旋的电磁测量约束，以及近期的引力波观测约束。引力波探测依赖多种不同的特征：并合双黑洞的自旋、玻色子云发射的引力辐射，以及云导致的双黑洞动力学变化的潜在印记。这些探测的解释依赖于特定方法的天体物理和理论假设，包括黑洞形成、 natal 自旋、年龄、吸积历史、种群先验以及玻色子自相互作用。本文综述了由黑洞超辐射得到的主要电磁和引力波约束，特别强调其 underlying 假设和系统不确定性。这些方法的不同观测特征和系统不确定性，为评估极轻玻色子模型的可行性提供了互补视角。尤其，它们在玻色子质量 $10^{-13}$-$10^{-12}$ eV 附近的重叠覆盖，使该区域对约束比较特别有信息，需关注每个结果背后的假设。
英文摘要
Ultralight bosons are well-motivated candidates for physics beyond the Standard Model and may constitute part or all of the dark matter. Black-hole superradiance provides a powerful means of probing these particles through their gravitational interaction with rotating black holes. This mechanism has motivated a growing body of constraints from electromagnetic measurements of black-hole spins and, more recently, gravitational-wave observations. Gravitational-wave probes draw on several distinct signatures: the spins of merging binary black holes, gravitational radiation emitted by boson clouds, and potential imprints of cloud-induced changes to binary dynamics. The interpretation of these probes depends on method-specific astrophysical and theoretical assumptions, including black hole formation, natal spin, age, accretion history, population priors, and boson self-interactions. In this paper, we review the principal electromagnetic and gravitational-wave constraints derived from black-hole superradiance, with particular emphasis on their underlying assumptions and systematic uncertainties. The distinct observational signatures and systematic uncertainties of these approaches offer complementary perspectives on the viability of ultralight-boson models. In particular, their overlapping coverage around boson masses of $10^{-13}$-$10^{-12}$ eV makes this region particularly informative for comparing constraints, with attention to the assumptions underlying each result.
Comments12 pages, 1 figure
