发表机构
Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Center for Theoretical Physics - a Leinweber Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory; Air Force Research Laboratory, Information Directorate（麻省理工学院; 麻省理工学院电子研究实验室; 麻省理工学院莱因韦伯理论物理中心; 麻省理工学院电气工程和计算机科学系; 阿贡国家实验室物理部; 空军研究实验室信息管理局）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究提出用超导传输线模拟（1+1）维φ⁴场论，通过调节电路参数实现单阱、双阱两种势区，可开展粒子散射与扭结-反扭结碰撞的模拟研究，为量子场论动力学研究提供新平台。
AI 中文摘要
理解相互作用量子场的动力学仍是一项基础挑战。我们提出一种超导传输线，用于对（1+1）维φ⁴场论进行模拟量子模拟。该传输线包含类fluxonium电路元件，其连续且无界的相位变量可编码标量场，无需希尔伯特空间截断；这些元件的非谐势提供强相互作用，通过调节电路参数可进入两种不同区域。第一种区域中，传输线模拟具有单阱势的φ⁴场论，我们通过对电路与格点φ⁴理论的低能谱进行格点蒙特卡罗计算，证实了这种对应关系，该区域可实现反向传播粒子波包间的散射实验。第二种参数集产生双阱势，模拟对称破缺相中的φ⁴理论并具有简并真空，两真空间的界面形成拓扑扭结，传输线可模拟扭结-反扭结碰撞。我们为两种碰撞实验提出了态制备与测量方案，可实现对相互作用量子场论中粒子与孤子散射的空间分辨实时研究。
英文摘要
Understanding the dynamics of interacting quantum fields remains a fundamental challenge. We propose a superconducting transmission line for analog quantum simulation of $(1+1)$-dimensional $ϕ^4$ field theory. The transmission line comprises fluxonium-like circuit elements whose continuous and unbounded phase variables encode a scalar field without Hilbert-space truncation. Their anharmonic potentials provide strong interactions. Tuning the circuit parameters provides access to two distinct regimes. In the first, the transmission line emulates $ϕ^4$ field theory with a single-well potential. We confirm this correspondence through lattice Monte Carlo calculations of the low-energy spectra of both the circuit and lattice $ϕ^4$ theory. This regime enables scattering experiments between counter-propagating particle wave packets. The second parameter set yields a double-well potential that emulates $ϕ^4$ theory in the symmetry-broken phase and hosts degenerate vacua. Interfaces between the two vacua form topological kinks, and the transmission line can simulate kink-antikink collisions. We present state preparation and measurement protocols for both collision experiments, enabling spatially resolved, real-time studies of particle and soliton scattering in an interacting quantum field theory.
Comments16 pages, 13 figures
