发表机构
The Australian National University; The University of Tokyo; Monash University; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics（澳大利亚国立大学; 东京大学; 蒙纳士大学; 理论物理前沿研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文针对黑洞铃振分析中探测器校准误差问题，提出两种结合QNMRF的互补方法，通过模拟和实际GW250207数据验证，可在含校准误差时准确估计恒星级黑洞质量自旋，避免虚假偏差。
AI 中文摘要
探测器校准系统误差会对恒星级黑洞的质量和自旋测量产生偏差，若未加以考虑，会产生违背广义相对论的虚假证据。双黑洞并合产生的引力波信号中的铃振阶段编码了恒星级黑洞的性质：在足够晚的时刻，该信号可由一组准正则模的叠加很好地描述，每个准正则模的频率和阻尼时间仅由恒星级黑洞的质量和自旋决定。本文提出两种互补方法，利用准正则模有理滤波器（QNMRF）分析数据的铃振部分，以在探测器校准误差不可忽略的情况下估计恒星级黑洞的质量和自旋。在校准误差已被充分测量的情况下，我们将最佳估计的校准校正应用于应变后再进行标准分析；在校准误差未知的情况下，我们则联合采样恒星级黑洞的质量、自旋以及与频率相关的校准误差，并对不确定性先验进行边缘化处理。通过将数值相对论波形 SXS:BBH:0305 注入有色探测器噪声，在全信号匹配滤波信噪比约为60，且模拟校准误差为幅度±25%、相位±25°的条件下，对校准不确定性进行边缘化处理可在90%可信区间内恢复真实的质量和自旋，而若忽略校准误差，估计值会产生偏差。我们将该方法应用于 GW250207 事件，该事件记录时汉福德探测器响应未被很好地表征，无论是通过校正最佳估计的校准误差还是通过对宽泛的不确定性先验进行边缘化处理，仅利用铃振部分就可恢复与并合前-并合-铃振预测一致的恒星级黑洞。
英文摘要
Detector calibration systematics can bias measurements of a remnant black hole's mass and spin, producing spurious evidence against general relativity if unaccounted for. The ringdown phase in the gravitational-wave signal produced by a binary black-hole merger encodes the remnant properties: at sufficiently late times, the signal is well described by a superposition of quasinormal modes, each with a frequency and damping time set only by the remnant mass and spin. Here we present two complementary approaches for analyzing the ringdown portion of the data to estimate the remnant mass and spin in the presence of a nonnegligible detector calibration error, using the quasinormal-mode rational filter (QNMRF). With a well-measured error, we apply the best-estimated calibration correction to the strain before conducting the standard analysis; with an unknown error, we instead jointly sample the remnant mass, spin and the frequency-dependent calibration error, marginalizing over an uncertainty prior. By injecting the numerical-relativity waveform SXS:BBH:0305 into colored detector noise, at a full-signal matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim60$ and with simulated calibration errors of $\pm25\%$ in magnitude and $\pm25^\circ$ in phase, marginalizing over the calibration uncertainty recovers the true mass and spin within the 90\% credible interval, whereas the estimated values are biased if the calibration errors are ignored. We apply the method to GW250207, an event recorded while the Hanford detector response was not well characterized, and recover a remnant consistent with the inspiral-merger-ringdown prediction using the ringdown portion alone, both by correcting for a best-estimated calibration error and by marginalizing over a broad uncertainty prior.
Comments16 pages, 14 figures
