发表机构
University of Trieste; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste Section（的里雅斯特大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所，的里雅斯特分部）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对量子测量问题，本文提出一种基于闪速的相对论坍缩框架，通过引入新物理态空间、动力学真空减除等方案解决超光速信号等挑战，应用于自由有质量标量场获有限粒子数与能量增加率，验证了框架一致性。
AI 中文摘要
自发坍缩模型为量子测量问题提供了一种可能的、可检验的解决方案，但构建适用于量子场论的相对论版本仍是重要的开放挑战。构建相对论坍缩模型的挑战包括避免超光速信号和叶层依赖、控制能量产生、确保真空稳定性。本文提出一种相对论坍缩框架，该框架以引入新的物理态空间为代价解决了这些问题，其完整表征仍待研究。一种改进的、依赖历史的Aharonov–Albert方案描述了在任意类空叶层上的瞬时非局域态更新，同时保持叶层独立性。为确保真空稳定性，我们通过一种名为动力学真空减除的方案修改了标准幺正演化。所得动力学映射是线性且保迹的，但在全部标准密度算子上不正定。我们通过证明微观参数独立性确立了无信号性，并确定了可恢复标准非相对论坍缩动力学的条件。最后，我们将该框架应用于自由有质量标量场，在长时间 regime 的领头阶获得了有限的粒子数和能量增加率，同时为该框架的一致性提供了进一步有希望的证据。
英文摘要
Spontaneous collapse models provide a possible, testable solution to the quantum measurement problem, but constructing a relativistic version applicable to quantum field theory remains an important open challenge. Challenges in constructing relativistic collapse models include avoiding superluminal signaling and foliation dependence, controlling energy production, and ensuring vacuum stability. Here, we present a relativistic collapse framework that addresses these problems at the cost of introducing a new space of physical states, whose complete characterization is left open. A modified, history-dependent Aharonov--Albert prescription describes instantaneous nonlocal state updates on arbitrary spacelike foliations while preserving foliation independence. To ensure vacuum stability, we modify the standard unitary evolution through a prescription that we name dynamical vacuum subtraction. The resulting dynamical map is linear and trace-preserving but not positive on the full set of standard density operators. We establish no-signaling by proving microscopic parameter independence, and identify conditions under which standard nonrelativistic collapse dynamics are recovered. Finally, we apply our framework to a free massive scalar field, obtaining finite particle-number and energy-increase rates at leading order in the long-time regime, together with further promising evidence for the consistency of the framework.
Comments21 pages plus appendices, 3 figures
