IllustrisTNG与FLAMINGO模拟中晕属性的质量代理质量：II. 星系、恒星与黑洞
Mass Proxy Quality of Halo Properties in IllustrisTNG and FLAMINGO Simulations: II. Galaxies, Stars, and Black Holes
- University of Michigan（密歇根大学）
- The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究基于IllustrisTNG、TNG-Cluster与FLAMINGO模拟，探究不同红移下星系团/群晕的恒星、黑洞等属性的质量代理质量，发现总恒星质量为最优质量代理，σ_sat,1D对天体物理复杂性不敏感。
AI中文摘要：
我们研究IllustrisTNG、TNG-Cluster和FLAMINGO宇宙流体动力学模拟中星系团和星系群尺度晕的恒星、黑洞及卫星星系种群，在红移z∈{0,0.5,1,2}时，表征R₅₀₀c范围内积分属性的质量条件标度关系、协方差、条件似然及质量代理质量（MPQ），包括总恒星质量（M_⋆,tot）、最亮中心星系恒星质量（M_⋆,BCG）、星系团内光质量（M_⋆,ICL）、总黑洞质量（M_BH）、卫星星系数目（N_sat）和卫星星系一维速度弥散（σ_sat,1D）。尽管不同模拟间存在最高达2倍的归一化差异，但多个属性在不同晕样本和红移下表现出极为相似的质量局域化斜率、本征弥散及MPQ；恒星、卫星及气体属性间的相关性符号及其对晕质量和红移的依赖大体一致，而涉及M_BH和N_sat的相关性则呈现更大差异，尤其在TNG-Cluster中。多数属性的条件似然近似对数正态分布，包括M_⋆,tot、N_sat和σ_sat,1D，而M_⋆,BCG和M_⋆,ICL呈负偏态。所考虑的属性中，总恒星质量是最优质量代理，晕质量弥散为7%-14%，其次是N_sat，质量弥散为9%-18%；M_⋆,ICL的相关性行为一致，凸显其在下一代观测研究中的潜力；σ_sat,1D则表现出高度一致的标度，具有与质量无关的斜率和弥散，以及大体中性的相关结构，表明其对天体物理复杂性相对不敏感。
英文摘要：
We study the stellar, black hole, and satellite galaxy populations of group- and cluster-scale halos in the IllustrisTNG, TNG-Cluster, and FLAMINGO cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We characterize the mass-conditioned scaling relations, covariance, conditional likelihoods, and mass proxy quality (MPQ) of integral properties within $R_{\rm 500c}$: total stellar mass ($M_{\star,\,\rm tot}$), brightest central galaxy stellar mass ($M_{\star,\,\rm BCG}$), intracluster light mass ($M_{\star,\,\rm ICL}$), total black hole mass ($M_{\rm BH}$), satellite occupation ($N_{\rm sat}$), and satellite velocity dispersion ($σ_{\rm sat,\,1D}$), at $z\in \{0,0.5,1,2\}$. While normalization differences of up to a factor of two emerge among simulations, many properties exhibit remarkably similar mass-localized slopes, intrinsic scatters, and MPQs across halo samples and redshifts. Correlations among stellar, satellite, and gas properties are generally consistent in sign and their dependence on halo mass and redshift, whereas those involving $M_{\rm BH}$ and $N_{\rm sat}$ show greater variation, particularly in TNG-Cluster. Conditional likelihoods are nearly lognormal for many properties, including $M_{\star,\,\rm tot}$, $N_{\rm sat}$, and $σ_{\rm sat,\,1D}$, while $M_{\star,\,\rm BCG}$ and $M_{\star,\,\rm ICL}$ are negatively skewed. Among the properties considered here, total stellar mass is the best mass proxy, with a halo mass scatter of $7$-$14\%$, followed by $N_{\rm sat}$ with a mass scatter of $9$-$18\%$. The consistent correlation behavior of $M_{\star,\,\rm ICL}$ highlights its potential for next-generation observational studies. Finally, $σ_{\rm sat,\,1D}$ exhibits highly consistent scaling, with mass-independent slope and scatter and a largely neutral correlation structure, suggesting that it is relatively insensitive to astrophysical complexity.
