发表机构
Helmholtz Research Academy Hesse for FAIR (HFHF), GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Physics; Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; SUBATECH UMR 6457 (IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, IN2P3/CNRS); Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH（黑森亥姆霍兹FAIR研究学院（HFHF），GSI重离子物理中心; 约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德大学理论物理研究所; SUBATECH联合研究单位6457（大西洋高等矿业学院，南特大学，IN2P3/法国国家科学研究中心）; 法兰克福高级研究所; GSI亥姆霍兹重离子研究中心有限公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究针对基于输运的费米子成像，构建量子处理方法揭示了被忽略的量子局域化效应，确定了经典点发射近似的适用范围，修正了质子对源及其动量关联。
AI 中文摘要
质子-质子碰撞与重离子碰撞中的费米子成像关联通常采用微观输运模型给出的发射源计算，其中发射粒子由同时指定位置与动量的经典相空间点表示。这种点发射图像忽略了量子力学要求的有限相空间局域化，当局域化尺度接近费米子成像源尺寸时，该效应会显现，尤其在小碰撞系统中。我们通过将每个输运相空间点替换为最小不确定高斯相空间分布，构建量子处理方法。有限局域化会引发空间与动量展宽；在坐标-动量关联存在时，后者会对发射源产生非平凡修正。采用微观部分子-强子-弦动力学输运方法模拟的√s=7 TeV质子-质子碰撞，我们表明该效应会显著修正质子对源及其动量关联。我们的结果揭示了基于输运的费米子成像中被忽略的量子局域化效应，并确定了经典点发射近似有效的适用范围。
英文摘要
Femtoscopic correlations in proton-proton and heavy ion collisions are commonly calculated using emission sources from microscopic transport models, where emitted particles are represented by classical phase-space points with simultaneously specified positions and momenta. This point-emitter picture neglects the finite phase-space localization required by quantum mechanics, which can become relevant when the localization scale approaches the femtoscopic source size, particularly in small collision systems. We formulate a quantum treatment by replacing each transport phase-space point with a minimum-uncertainty Gaussian phase-space distribution. Finite localization then induces both spatial and momentum smearing; in the presence of coordinate-momentum correlations, the latter produces a nontrivial modification of the emission source. Using proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7~\mathrm{TeV}$ simulated with the microscopic Parton--Hadron--String Dynamics transport approach, we show that this effect significantly modifies the proton-pair source and its momentum correlation. Our results expose a quantum localization effect overlooked in transport-based femtoscopy and establish the regime in which the classical point-emitter approximation is valid.
