发表机构
STAR Laboratories, University of Maryland（马里兰大学 STAR 实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究推出GaussianBench物理保真度评估基准，测试集成物理的高斯场景表示的多类物理特性，评估6个相关系统，发现其原始评估遗漏的物理故障，强调需基于内部物理状态而非视觉效果测试这类系统。
AI 中文摘要
3D Gaussian Splatting已从静态重建发展为集成物理的表示，旨在预测场景在交互下的变化，这引发了评估问题：模拟结果可能看似合理，却依赖错误的内部机制，且与观测运动的视觉一致性无法确定其对新力、材质编辑、接触或热干预的响应是否正确。我们推出GaussianBench，这是一个面向集成物理的高斯场景表示的物理保真度评估套件，它使用基于文件的冻结场景、与模拟器无关的评分器，以及分析或实测参考。该基准测试守恒性、连续体响应、异质材料耦合、高斯协方差传输与渲染、热相变及反事实响应，每个参考都声明其有效范围，结果分为PASS（通过）、FAIL（失败）、NA（不适用）和INVALID（无效），以区分物理故障、不支持的能力及无效比较。我们还提供GaussianFlesh，这是一个热机械参考参赛模型，其中持久3D高斯同时作为渲染基元与连续体材料点，由共享网格MPM求解器推进，该求解器具有逐粒子本构调度及持久热与相变状态。我们评估了六个已发布的外部系统：PhysGaussian、GaussianFluent、OmniPhysGS、PhysDreamer、Physics3D和GASP，以相同方式测试每个系统，发现了其原始评估中遗漏的故障：某系统可正确模拟单一材质，但在两种材质相遇处失败，或针对其从未生成的变形正确更新高斯。匹配的故障与容差审核确认这些差异源于预期测试，因此集成物理的高斯系统必须基于其内部物理状态进行测试，而非仅基于模拟结果是否看似合理。
英文摘要
3D Gaussian Splatting has evolved from static reconstruction toward physics-integrated representations meant to predict how scenes change under interaction. This creates an evaluation problem: a rollout can look plausible while relying on incorrect internal mechanics, and visual agreement with observed motion does not establish a correct response to a new force, material edit, contact, or thermal intervention. We introduce GaussianBench, a physics-fidelity evaluation suite for physics-integrated Gaussian scene representations. It uses frozen file-based scenes, simulator-independent scorers, and analytical or measured references. The benchmark tests conservation, continuum response, heterogeneous-material coupling, Gaussian covariance transport and rendering, thermal phase change, and counterfactual response. Each reference declares its regime of validity, and outcomes distinguish PASS, FAIL, NA, and INVALID, separating physical failures from unsupported capabilities and invalid comparisons. We also provide GaussianFlesh, a thermomechanical reference entrant in which persistent 3D Gaussians act as both rendering primitives and continuum material points, advanced by a shared-grid MPM solver with per-particle constitutive dispatch and persistent thermal and phase state. We evaluate six released external systems: PhysGaussian, GaussianFluent, OmniPhysGS, PhysDreamer, Physics3D, and GASP. Testing every system the same way reveals failures that their original evaluations missed: a system can simulate a single material correctly but fail where two materials meet, or update its Gaussians correctly for a deformation it never produced. Matched faults and tolerance audits confirm these distinctions arise from the intended tests. Physics-integrated Gaussian systems must therefore be tested on their internal physical state, not just on whether their rollouts look plausible.
