发表机构
EPFL; Max Planck Institute for Informatics; Carnegie Mellon University; Google Research(洛桑联邦理工学院; 马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所; 卡内基梅隆大学; 谷歌研究院)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究对称子模函数最小化的比较模型,提出确定性多项式时间算法,使用 O(n^3) 次比较找到非平凡最小化器,并解决加权最小割的开放问题,同时给出下界。
AI 中文摘要
给定对对称子模函数 $f:2^V\to\mathbb{R}$(其中 $|V|=n$)的值预言访问,可以使用 $O(n^3)$ 次值查询找到一个非平凡的最小化器。我们研究更弱的比较模型,在该模型中,对 $S,T\subseteq V$ 的查询仅揭示 $f(S)$ 是小于、等于还是大于 $f(T)$。我们给出一个确定性多项式时间算法,该算法使用 $O(n^3)$ 次比较找到任何对称子模函数的非平凡最小化器,与已知的最佳确定性值预言界相匹配,尽管不知道函数值。更一般地,相同的 $O(n^3)$ 次比较界适用于任何向下封闭族的非空成员上的最小化。我们的算法结合了 Iwata 和 Konno 最近引入的最小容量排序与 Goemans 和 Soto 的收缩框架。将此结果应用于加权图割函数,解决了 Cohen-Addad 等人的主要开放问题,他们给出了一个运行时间为指数时间的 $\widetilde{O}(n^3)$ 次比较算法,并询问是否可以使用比较在多项式时间内找到加权最小割。对于具有最多 $B$ 的整数权重的 $m$ 条边的图,我们还给出一个确定性多项式时间算法,该算法使用 \\[ \widetilde{O}\left(n^2+\min\left\{mB,\\,nB^2\right\}\right) \\] 次比较找到最小割,当 $B$ 较小时改进了 $O(n^3)$ 界。最后,我们证明每个以至少 $2/3$ 的概率输出最小割的随机算法在最坏情况下进行 $\Omega(n \log n)$ 次期望比较。在更强的假设下,即所有边权重都是多项式有界整数,我们获得 $\Omega(n \log \log n)$ 的期望比较下界。这些界与值预言模型形成对比,在值预言模型中,即使对于确定性算法,也没有已知的 $\omega(n)$ 下界。
英文摘要
Given value-oracle access to a symmetric submodular function $f:2^V\to\mathbb{R}$ with $|V|=n$, a nontrivial minimizer can be found using $O(n^3)$ value queries. We study the weaker comparison model, in which a query on $S,T\subseteq V$ reveals only whether $f(S)$ is smaller than, equal to, or larger than $f(T)$. We give a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm that finds a nontrivial minimizer of any symmetric submodular function using $O(n^3)$ comparisons, matching the best-known deterministic value-oracle bound despite not knowing the function values. More generally, the same $O(n^3)$-comparison bound holds for minimization over the nonempty members of any downward-closed family. Our algorithm combines the minimum-capacity ordering recently introduced by Iwata and Konno with the contraction framework of Goemans and Soto. Applying this result to weighted graph cut functions resolves the main open question of Cohen-Addad et al., who gave an $\widetilde{O}(n^3)$-comparison algorithm that runs in exponential time and asked whether a weighted minimum cut can be found in polynomial time using comparisons. For graphs with $m$ edges of integer weight at most $B$, we also give a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm that finds a minimum cut using \[ \widetilde{O}\!\left(n^2+\min\!\left\{mB,\,nB^2\right\}\right) \] comparisons, improving on the $O(n^3)$ bound when $B$ is small. Finally, we show that every randomized algorithm that outputs a minimum cut with probability at least $2/3$ makes $Ω(n \log n)$ expected comparisons in the worst case. Under the stronger assumption that all edge weights are polynomially bounded integers, we obtain an $Ω(n \log \log n)$ expected comparison lower bound. These bounds contrast with the value-oracle model, where no $ω(n)$ lower bound is known even for deterministic algorithms.