发表机构
Universität Siegen; Observatorio Pierre Auger（锡根大学; 皮埃尔·奥格天文台）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
BOLT是一种干涉测量闪电定位阵列，通过VHF无线电探测器对闪电进行高分辨率3D成像，并与地面探测器共址，以关联闪电活动与TGF信号，从而研究TGF的产生机制。
AI 中文摘要
已知与闪电相关的现象会与皮埃尔·奥格天文台的所有探测器系统相互作用并产生影响。值得注意的是，地面探测器记录了与地球伽马射线闪（TGFs）相关的独特信号，TGFs是一种与闪电初始过程相关的罕见现象。研究TGFs与其母体闪电放电的符合事件，有助于约束其产生机制，为理解这些高能发射如何在雷暴中产生和演化提供关键见解。为了对母体闪电放电进行成像，我们正在开发闪电和TGF宽带观测站（BOLT），这是一种干涉测量闪电定位阵列，通过提供闪电传播的高分辨率3D（空间和时间）成像来增强天文台的独特能力。BOLT由先前为奥格工程无线电阵列开发的VHF无线电探测器组成，灵敏度范围在30 MHz至80 MHz之间。该阵列与地面探测器共址，以便在皮埃尔·奥格天文台实现闪电活动与候选TGF信号之间的直接关联。BOLT阵列目前正处于调试阶段，已成功完成站点固件修改，以采集和流式传输多秒波形。
英文摘要
Lightning-related phenomena are known to interact with and influence all detector systems of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Notably, the Surface Detector has recorded unique signals associated with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs), which are rare phenomena linked to the initial processes of lightning. Studying TGFs in coincidence with their parent lightning discharges helps to constrain the mechanisms responsible for their production, providing key insights into how these high-energy emissions are generated and evolve within thunderstorms. To image the parent lightning discharges, we are developing the Broadband Observatory of Lightning and TGFs (BOLT), an interferometric lightning mapping array that enhances the unique capabilities of the Observatory by providing high-resolution 3D (spatial and temporal) imaging of lightning propagation. BOLT consists of VHF radio detectors that have been previously developed for the Auger Engineering Radio Array, sensitive in the 30 MHz to 80 MHz range. The array is co-located with the Surface Detector to enable direct correlation between lightning activity and candidate TGF signals at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The BOLT array is in commissioning, with successful station firmware modifications to acquire and stream multi-second waveforms.
Comments7 pages, 4 figures, ATmospheric MOnitoring for High Energy Astroparticle Detectors (AtmoHEAD) 2026 proceeding
