关于极大算子 $L^p$ 范数的研究
On $L^p$ norms of maximal operators
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文确定了多种极大算子的精确 $L^p$ 范数为 $p'$,涵盖热、Poisson 等半群及 Hardy–Littlewood 算子,并证明高维情形范数严格大于 $p'$。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究调和分析、半群理论和概率论中若干重要极大算子的精确 $L^p$ 范数。我们证明:在非原子 $\sigma$-有限测度空间 $(X,\mathcal F,\mu)$ 上,若强连续正对称子马尔可夫半群 $(T_t)_{t\ge0}$ 满足:对某个 $t_0>0$ 及某个正测度可测集 $E$,映射 $f\mapsto T_{t_0}(\mathbf 1_Ef)$ 在 $L^2(\mu)$ 上是紧的,则对每个 $1<p<\infty$,该半群的极大 $L^p$ 范数恰为 $p'=p/(p-1)$。下界通过在合适的半群时间逼近有限二进条件期望得到;上界则是 Stein 极大不等式在子马尔可夫形式下的应用。我们讨论的此类极大算子的重要例子包括多种半群(热半群、Poisson 半群、Ornstein–Uhlenbeck 半群、Schrödinger 半群、Dunkl 半群、Laguerre 半群、Jacobi 半群)的极大函数,以及 $\mathbb{R}$ 上的中心 Hardy–Littlewood 极大算子。特别地,在任意无边界、正维数的完备连通黎曼流形上,热极大算子和 Poisson 极大算子的精确 $L^p$ 范数均为 $p'$,且无需曲率或随机完备性假设。结合我们的方法与第一作者和最后作者的先前工作,我们还证明 $p'$ 是 $\mathbb{R}^d$ 上中心 Hardy–Littlewood 极大算子 $L^p$ 范数 $B(p,d)$ 当 $d\to\infty$ 时的极限。另一方面,我们证明在维数 $d\ge2$ 时,该极大算子的范数严格大于 $p'$。
英文摘要
We study the exact $L^p$ norms for a number of maximal operators, which are prominent in harmonic analysis, semigroup theory, and probability. We prove that a strongly continuous positive symmetric sub-Markovian semigroup $(T_t)_{t\ge0}$ on a nonatomic $σ$-finite measure space $(X,\mathcal F,μ)$ has maximal $L^p$ norm $p'=p/(p-1)$ for every $1<p<\infty$ whenever $f\mapsto T_{t_0}(\mathbf 1_Ef)$ is compact on $L^2(μ)$ for some $t_0>0$ and some measurable set $E$ of positive measure. The lower bound follows by approximating finite dyadic conditional expectations at suitable semigroup times; the upper bound is Stein's maximal inequality in its sub-Markovian form. Important examples of such maximal operators we discuss include maximal functions of various semigroups (heat, Poisson, Ornstein--Uhlenbeck, Schrödinger, Dunkl, Laguerre, Jacobi) as well as the centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator on $\mathbb{R}.$ In particular, the heat and Poisson maximal operators on every complete connected Riemannian manifold of positive dimension without boundary have exact $L^p$ norm $p'$, with no curvature or stochastic completeness assumptions. Combining our approach with previous work of the first and last authors we also prove that $p'$ is the limit, as $d\to \infty,$ of the $L^p$ norms $B(p,d)$ of the centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators on $\mathbb{R}^d.$ On the other hand, we show that the norm of this maximal operator is strictly larger than $p',$ in dimensions $d\ge2.$
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