发表机构
LMU Munich; HU Berlin; Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica; Utrecht University; MDx（慕尼黑大学; 柏林洪堡大学; 荷兰国家数学与计算机科学研究所; 乌得勒支大学; MDx公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过ERP和眼动实验，发现AI披露标签影响人脸评价，标签冲突引发重新评估，为披露设计提供神经科学证据。
AI 中文摘要
AI生成的人脸可能难以与真实人脸区分，这使得观众在判断图像时依赖来源标签。然而，先前的研究难以区分图像实际是什么与观众被告知是什么的影响。我们在一项在线研究（N=169）中验证了人脸是AI生成还是人类生成，然后在实验室研究（N=30）中交叉了实际来源（AI、人类）与标签（无标签、使用AI制作、由人类制作），记录了事件相关电位（ERP）和眼动。ERP反应在AI生成和真实人脸之间是等效的，但随标签而变化：标签吸引早期注意（N2），而与面部实际来源冲突的标签促使对面部进行重新评估（P3）。情感加工和初始眼动定向未改变，但标签改变了视觉探索。我们提供了一个经过验证的刺激集和证据，表明归因来源塑造了人脸处理，这对披露设计具有启示意义。
英文摘要
AI-generated faces can be difficult to distinguish from real ones, leaving viewers to rely on source labels when judging an image. Yet prior work has made it difficult to separate the effects of what an image actually is from what viewers are told it is. We validated faces as AI-generated or human in an online study (N=169), then crossed actual source (AI, human) with label (none, Made with AI, Made by a human) in a lab study $N=30), recording event-related potentials (ERPs) and gaze. ERP responses were equivalent for AI-generated and real faces, but varied with the label: labels drew early attention (N2), while labels that conflicted with the face's actual source prompted re-evaluation of the face (P3). Affective processing and initial gaze orienting were unchanged, but labels altered visual exploration. We provide a validated stimulus set and evidence that attributed origin shapes face processing, with implications for disclosure design.
