发表机构
Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对半量子秘密共享中量子第三方与不诚实参与者共谋的漏洞，提出一种基于贝尔态的新协议，实现信息论安全并优化量子比特效率，抵抗DCNA攻击。
AI 中文摘要
秘密共享协议的安全性在以下情况下会受到损害：一个或多个不诚实的参与者通过偏离规定协议来重建秘密，尤其是当这种恶意行为未被检测到时。半量子秘密共享（SQSS）是秘密共享的一种变体，其中参与者仅具备经典能力，例如在计算（$Z$）基上制备和测量量子比特，而具备量子能力的第三方协助分发者生成和分发经典秘密的量子份额。SQSS协议中参与者有限的量子能力可能引入共谋攻击的漏洞，使得协助的量子第三方与不诚实的经典参与者合作，即使未被检测也能共同恢复秘密。在本工作中，我们提出了一种新颖的SQSS协议，消除了这一漏洞，并实现了针对共谋攻击的信息论安全性。我们进一步证明了所提出的协议对于广泛的外部攻击和内部攻击是安全的。最后，比较分析表明，我们的构造通过同时优化量子比特效率、涉及经典分发者以及使用基本贝尔态抵抗DCNA攻击，推进了现有SQSS协议。
英文摘要
The security of a secret sharing protocol is compromised if one or more dishonest participants can reconstruct the secret by deviating from the prescribed protocol, particularly when such malicious behavior remains undetected. Semi-Quantum Secret Sharing (SQSS) is a variant of secret sharing in which the participants possess only classical capabilities, such as preparing and measuring qubits in the computational ($Z$) basis, while a quantum-capable third party assists the dealer in generating and distributing quantum shares of a classical secret. The limited quantum capabilities of the participants in SQSS protocols may introduce vulnerabilities to collusion attacks, enabling an assisting quantum third party, in collaboration with a dishonest classical participant, to jointly recover the secret even without detection. In this work, we propose a novel SQSS protocol that eliminates this vulnerability and achieves information-theoretic security against collusion attacks. We further prove that the proposed protocol is secure against a broad class of external and internal attacks. Finally, a comparative analysis demonstrates that our construction advances existing SQSS protocols by simultaneously optimizing qubit efficiency, involves a classical dealer, and resilience against DCNA attacks using basic Bell states.
