发表机构
Indian Statistical Institute; Istanbul Technical University（印度统计研究所; 伊斯坦布尔理工大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对集中录取中虚假优先权声明问题，提出仅核查能跨越录取分数线的关键声明，并优先核查最高优先权声明，在不改变结果下大幅减少核查量，模拟中减少76%核查。
AI 中文摘要
集中式录取平台根据自我报告的事实（如居住地、兄弟姐妹身份或家庭收入）授予优先权，虚假声明可能让另一名申请者失去名额。在匹配前核查每一项声明成本高昂，而仅在事后核查被录取的申请者也不安全：一个最终未匹配的申请者的虚假声明可能已经引发了一连串的拒绝。我们展示了平台如何在不改变任何结果的情况下大幅减少核查的声明数量。一项声明只有在能够使其申请者跨越某所学校的录取分数线时才具有重要性，我们给出了一个精确且易于计算的测试来判断这种情况何时发生。仅核查此类声明，并且仅在它们可能改变学校的临时选择时进行核查，就能在完全核查下重现延迟接受的每一次申请、拒绝和分配。当声明为真实时，在每所学校的决策中，首先核查最高优先权声明能在此类策略下最小化核查次数，且核查次数永远不会超过学校的容量。真实报告偏好和资格是弱占优策略，因此激励措施提供了该审计顺序最优的条件。在模拟市场中，该策略相对于事先核查每项声明减少了76%的核查量，相对于在声明首次到达学校时核查每项声明减少了36%的核查量。设计原则是核查决策，而非文件。
英文摘要
Centralized admissions platforms grant priority based on self-reported facts such as residence, sibling status, or family income, and a false claim can cost another applicant her seat. Verifying every claim before matching is expensive, yet checking only admitted applicants afterward is unsafe: a false claim by an applicant who ends up unmatched may already have triggered a chain of rejections. We show how a platform can check far fewer claims without changing any outcome. A claim matters only if it can move its applicant across a school's admission cutoff, and we give an exact, easily computed test for when this happens. Checking only such claims, and only when they could change a school's tentative choice, reproduces every application, rejection, and assignment of deferred acceptance under full verification. When claims are truthful, checking the highest claimed priority first minimizes checks among such policies at each school decision, and the number of checks never exceeds the school's capacity. Truthful reporting of preferences and eligibility is a weakly dominant strategy, so incentives deliver the conditions under which this audit order is optimal. In simulated markets, the policy cuts verification by 76 percent relative to checking every claim upfront and by 36 percent relative to checking each claim when it first reaches a school. The design principle is to verify decisions, not files.
