具有脉动流的开环和闭环色散分子通信信道的解析建模
Analytical Modeling of Open- and Closed-Loop Dispersive Molecular Communication Channels with Pulsatile Flow
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文针对脉动血流下的分子通信信道，提出时变解析模型，推导直管及闭环响应，经三维粒子模拟验证，并引入无量纲指标S_Rx评估一维模型适用性，揭示脉动性影响条件及生理因素。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
分子通信（MC）是一种通过分子的释放、传播和接收来传递信息的通信范式。许多设想的MC医疗应用预计将在人体内部运行，其中心血管系统（CVS）可作为物理传播环境，分子传输受扩散和血流支配。尽管血流本质上是脉动的，但大多数解析MC信道模型假设为稳态流。在本文中，我们开发了一个具有脉动流的色散MC信道的时变解析模型。我们将直管响应推导为具有时变均值和方差的正态分布，捕捉扩散和脉动流的综合效应，并通过包裹正态表示将其扩展到闭环信道。该模型针对合成和生理驱动的速度波形，通过三维（3D）基于粒子的模拟（PBSs）进行了验证。我们进一步推导了首次到达峰值时间的闭式一阶近似，并引入了无量纲指标$S_{\mathrm{Rx}}$，用于评估简化的一维（1D）模型的适用性。我们的结果表明，当分子传输主要以对流为主且时间流动变化未被平均化时，脉动性影响最强，而更强的扩散和更快的脉动会减少其对接收信号的影响。此外，基于PBS的参数扫描支持$S_{\mathrm{Rx}} \ge 2$作为所提出的解析模型适用性的实用标准。最后，将解析假设与代表性血管类别相关联表明，模型适用性不仅取决于传输条件，还取决于生理特性，如血管刚性、几何均匀性和血液流变学。
英文摘要
Molecular communication (MC) is a communication paradigm in which information is conveyed through the release, propagation, and reception of molecules. Many envisioned healthcare applications of MC are expected to operate inside the human body, where the cardiovascular system (CVS) may serve as the physical propagation environment and molecular transport is governed by diffusion and blood flow. Although blood flow is inherently pulsatile, most analytical MC channel models assume steady flow. In this paper, we develop a time-variant analytical model for dispersive MC channels with pulsatile flow. We derive the straight-duct response as a Normal distribution with time-variant mean and variance, capturing the combined effects of diffusion and pulsatile flow, and extend it to closed-loop channels through a wrapped-Normal representation. The model is validated against three-dimensional (3D) particle-based simulations (PBSs) for synthetic and physiologically motivated velocity waveforms. We further derive a closed-form first-order approximation for the first-arrival peak time and introduce the nondimensional indicator $S_{\mathrm{Rx}}$ for assessing the applicability of the reduced one-dimensional (1D) model. Our results show that pulsatility has the strongest influence when molecular transport is predominantly advective and the temporal flow variations are not averaged out, whereas stronger diffusion and faster pulsations reduce its impact on the received signal. Moreover, a PBS-based parameter sweep supports $S_{\mathrm{Rx}} \ge 2$ as a practical criterion for the applicability of the proposed analytical model. Finally, relating the analytical assumptions to representative blood-vessel classes shows that model applicability depends not only on the transport conditions but also on physiological properties such as vessel rigidity, geometric uniformity, and blood rheology.
发表机构
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg（弗里德里希-亚历山大大学埃尔兰根-纽伦堡分校）
- University of Catania（卡塔尼亚大学）
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