发表机构
TOBB University of Economics and Technology（TOBB经济与技术大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对非对称对撞机中解析亮度公式的不足，提出开源Java工具AloHEP，通过宏粒子云格模拟和格林函数求解，独立考虑束团聚焦、交叉角及束-束效应，实现快速原型化亮度估计。
AI 中文摘要
拟议粒子对撞机所引用的亮度通常由解析几何公式推导得出，该公式假设相同、刚性高斯束团进行正面对撞。对于新一代非对称机器——特别是诸如EIC、LHeC和FCC-eh等轻子-强子对撞机——这一假设可能会错误估计亮度，因为它忽略了在相互作用区域中起作用的几个耦合效应，如束团聚焦效应（hourglass effect）、交叉角以及碰撞束团之间的相互电磁（束-束）形变。我们介绍AloHEP（高能物理亮度优化器），一个开源、跨平台的Java应用程序，用于模拟对称和非对称对撞机的相互作用区域。AloHEP将每个束团表示为沉积在网格上的宏粒子集合，采用云格（cloud-in-cell）方案，并沿纵向对交叉进行切片。在每个横向切片上，它通过直接格林函数卷积求解二维静电问题，然后通过有限差分和连续双三次插值获得束-束力。束团聚焦效应、有限交叉角和束-束收缩/破坏效应可以独立启用，两个碰撞束团可以由完全不同的粒子种类（轻子、质子、重离子）组成。一个基于JSON的参数数据库和交互式图形界面使AloHEP成为快速原型化实际亮度估计的灵活工具。我们验证了代码在适当极限下能重现解析几何亮度，并展示了扩展性、网格收敛性和非对称对撞机基准测试结果。
英文摘要
The luminosity quoted for proposed particle colliders is usually derived from the analytic geometric formula, which assumes head-on collisions of identical, rigid Gaussian bunches. For the new generation of asymmetric machines---in particular lepton--hadron colliders such as the EIC, LHeC and FCC-eh---this assumption can misestimate the luminosity, because it ignores a few coupled effects that act in the interaction region such as hourglass effect, crossing angle, and mutual electromagnetic (beam--beam) deformation of the colliding bunches. We present \textbf{AloHEP} (A luminosity optimizer for High Energy Physics), an open-source, cross-platform Java application that simulates the interaction region of both symmetric and asymmetric colliders. AloHEP represents each bunch by an ensemble of macroparticles deposited on the grid with a cloud-in-cell scheme, and slices the crossing longitudinally. On each transverse slice it solves the two-dimensional electrostatic problem by a direct Green's-function convolution, then obtains the beam--beam forces by finite differencing and continuous bicubic interpolation. The hourglass effect, finite crossing angle and beam--beam pinch/disruption can be enabled independently, and the two colliding beams may consist of entirely different species (leptons, protons, heavy ions). A JSON-backed parameter database and an interactive graphical interface make AloHEP a flexible tool for the rapid prototyping of realistic luminosity estimates. We verify that the code reproduces the analytic geometric luminosity in the appropriate limit and present scaling, grid-convergence and asymmetric-collider benchmarks.
Comments45 pages, 24 figures, 8 tables
