发表机构
Univ Toulouse; CNRS; Université Marie et Louis Pasteur（图卢兹大学; 法国国家科学研究中心; 玛丽与路易·巴斯德大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用全球野生哺乳动物生物量普查数据，通过经济学不平等工具和扩展瑞利-金斯谱模型，揭示生物量分布具有极高基尼系数（0.944），并将财富热化假说扩展至生态分布，解释大体型物种的极端稀有性。
AI 中文摘要
利用最近发布的全球野生陆生哺乳动物生物量普查数据，我们对其在$N_s=4795$个物种上的分布进行了详细的数学统计分析，借鉴了经济学中用于刻画财富不平等的工具。我们表明，哺乳动物生物量分布的洛伦兹曲线具有较大的基尼系数$G=0.944$，超过了世界国家间财富分布所报告的不平等程度。将该分布与财富热化假说（WTH）的预测进行比较，在该假说中，物种生物量值被视为按照瑞利-金斯（RJ）稳态分布填充的能级。我们表明，一个扩展的RJ谱模型能够在生物量变化的四个数量级上再现真实的洛伦兹曲线和帕累托曲线，捕捉到生物量在稀有、大体型物种中的强烈凝聚，以及在绝大多数轻体型物种中几乎不存在的情况。这些结果将WTH框架（先前已在人类经济起源的分布中得到验证）扩展到由生态和进化约束塑造的生物分布，并将大体型哺乳动物物种的极端稀有性与人类社会中财富的寡头集中置于相同的统计数学描述中。最后，我们讨论了可能促成所观察分布的生态机制，包括种间相互作用、食物可得性和竞争。
英文摘要
Using the recently published global census of the biomass of wild terrestrial mammals, we perform a detailed mathematical statistical analysis of its distribution over $N_s=4795$ species, drawing on tools developed in economics to characterize wealth inequality. We show that the Lorenz curve of the mammal biomass distribution is characterized by a large Gini coefficient $G=0.944$ exceeding the inequality reported for wealth distribution among world countries. This distribution is compared to the predictions of the Wealth Thermalization Hypothesis (WTH), in which species biomass values are treated as energy levels populated according to a Rayleigh-Jeans (RJ) steady-state distribution. We show that an RJ extended spectral model reproduces the real Lorenz and Pareto curves over four orders of magnitude of biomass variation, capturing the strong condensation of biomass among the rare, heavy-bodied species and its near-absence among the vast majority of light-bodied ones. These results extend the WTH framework, previously validated on distributions of human economic origin, to a biological distribution shaped by ecological and evolutionary constraints, and place the extreme rarity of large-bodied mammal species within the same statistical mathematical description as the oligarchic concentration of wealth in human societies. We finally discuss possible ecological mechanisms that may contribute to the observed distribution, including interspecific interactions, food availability, and competition.
Comments8 pages, 3 figures, subfolder Definitions for mdpi style files
