发表机构
Tokyo University of Science; Osaka Metropolitan University; The University of Tokyo（东京理科大学; 大阪都立大学; 东京大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究建立了封闭量子系统中彩虹量子多体疤痕态母哈密顿量与开放系统有效林德布拉德算子间的谱对应，揭示了弱遍历性破缺与扩散性流体动力学慢弛豫的共同结构。
AI 中文摘要
开放量子多体系统中的流体动力学弛豫可以通过与强到弱自发对称破缺（SWSSB）相关的扩散性南部-戈德斯通（NG）模来理解。在这里，我们发现了封闭量子系统中弱遍历性破缺与开放量子系统中扩散性流体动力学之间的共同结构。我们在封闭系统中彩虹量子多体疤痕（RQMBS）态的母哈密顿量与具有强 $U(1)$ 对称性和局域电荷退相干林德布拉德算子的强耗散开放系统的有效林德布拉德算子之间建立了谱对应关系。对于自旋、费米子和玻色子系统的广泛类别，我们构造了渐近RQMBS（ARQMBS）态。在扩大的疤痕子空间内，母哈密顿量允许局域的Rokhsar-Kivelson型无阻挫分解。单模变分构造给出了其最低激发能的 $O(k^2)$ 上界，并产生满足定义ARQMBS准则的态：正交性、能量方差消失以及特征纠缠标度。在矢量化下，RQMBS态被映射到固定电荷扇区中的最大混合无限温度态，这些态在有限密度条件下表现出长程SWSSB序。假设转移率一致有界为正，有效林德布拉德算子与母哈密顿量具有相同的局域投影算子，但具有正的依赖于转移的权重，从而产生双侧谱界以及它们能隙的相同系统尺寸标度。对于均匀转移率，这两个算子彼此成比例，且它们的本征模重合。因此，一个精确的二次母哈密顿量分支直接映射到一个扩散性NG模。我们的结果将封闭和开放量子多体系统中慢弛豫的不同机制联系起来。
英文摘要
Hydrodynamic relaxation in open quantum many-body systems can be understood in terms of diffusive Nambu--Goldstone (NG) modes associated with strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking (SWSSB). Here, we find a common structure underlying weak ergodicity breaking in closed quantum systems and diffusive hydrodynamics in open quantum systems. We establish a spectral correspondence between the parent Hamiltonian of rainbow quantum many-body scar (RQMBS) states in closed systems and the effective Lindbladian of strongly dissipative open systems with strong $U(1)$ symmetry and local charge-dephasing Lindblad operators. For broad classes of spin, fermionic, and bosonic systems, we construct asymptotic RQMBS (ARQMBS) states. Within the enlarged scar subspace, the parent Hamiltonian admits a local Rokhsar--Kivelson-type frustration-free decomposition. A single-mode variational construction gives an $O(k^2)$ upper bound on its lowest excitation energy and yields states satisfying the defining ARQMBS criteria: orthogonality, vanishing energy variance, and characteristic entanglement scaling. Under vectorization, RQMBS states are mapped to maximally mixed infinite-temperature states in fixed-charge sectors, which exhibit long-range SWSSB order under finite-density conditions. Assuming uniformly bounded positive transition rates, the effective Lindbladian has the same local projectors as the parent Hamiltonian but with positive transition-dependent weights, yielding two-sided spectral bounds and the same system-size scaling of their gaps. For uniform rates, the two operators are proportional to each other and their eigenmodes coincide. Therefore, an exact quadratic parent-Hamiltonian branch maps directly to a diffusive NG mode. Our results connect different mechanisms of slow relaxation in closed and open quantum many-body systems.
Comments45 pages, 5 figures
