发表机构
Zhejiang University of Technology（浙江工业大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本综述系统梳理LLM赋能的无人机调度，提出跨层语义编排视角，归纳四种调度范式，分析LLM角色与挑战，为安全关键系统集成提供分类法与设计指南。
AI 中文摘要
无人机（UAV）调度正开始超越孤立的路径规划和基于优化的资源分配，转向由语义推理和基于LLM的接口支持的系统级协调。本综述提供了LLM赋能的无人机调度系统的统一表征，连接了语义意图、符号决策和物理无人机执行。我们不是将LLM视为独立的附加组件，而是将其概念化为跨层语义编排层，连接人类指令、外部求解器和分布式控制模块。我们将文献组织为四种代表性的调度范式：流水线调度、全局分配调度、去中心化智能体调度和分而治之调度。对于每种范式，我们分析其决策逻辑、系统结构、控制流、代表性方法和潜在的LLM角色。我们进一步考察LLM如何支持语义解析、基于检索的规划、求解器编排、局部智能体推理、多智能体协调、安全评估和面向人类的解释。我们讨论了这些范式对可扩展性、鲁棒性、协调负担和验证要求的影响，并识别了包括延迟感知推理、基础可靠性、物理可行性保证、边缘部署、隐私保护和分布式一致性在内的开放挑战。本综述为将LLM集成到安全关键的无人机调度系统中提供了系统级分类法和设计视角。
英文摘要
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) dispatch is beginning to move beyond isolated path planning and optimization-driven resource allocation toward system-level coordination supported by semantic reasoning and LLM-based interfaces. This survey provides a unified characterization of LLM-enabled UAV dispatch systems that bridges semantic intent, symbolic decision-making, and physical UAV execution. Rather than treating LLMs as standalone add-ons, we conceptualize them as a cross-layer semantic orchestration layer connecting human instructions, external solvers, and distributed control modules. We organize the literature into four representative dispatch paradigms: pipeline dispatch, global assignment dispatch, decentralized agentic dispatch, and divide-and-conquer dispatch. For each paradigm, we analyze its decision logic, system structure, control flow, representative methods, and potential LLM roles. We further examine how LLMs support semantic parsing, retrieval-grounded planning, solver orchestration, local agent reasoning, multi-agent coordination, safety assessment, and human-facing explanation. We discuss the implications of these paradigms for scalability, robustness, coordination burden, and verification requirements, and identify open challenges including latency-aware reasoning, grounding reliability, physical feasibility guarantees, edge deployment, privacy protection, and distributed consistency. This survey provides a system-level taxonomy and design perspective for integrating LLMs into safety-critical UAV dispatch systems.
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