发表机构
Tohoku University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University（东北大学; 上海交通大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过三维晶格模拟双场模型中的气泡碰撞，验证了冷重子生成在强过冷相变中仍能有效产生Chern-Simons数并生成重子不对称性，为引力波与重子生成关联研究提供关键支持。
AI 中文摘要
过冷一级相变为产生可观测的引力波（GWs）提供了一个有吸引力的框架，但伴随的熵注入会稀释任何预先存在的重子不对称性，从而促使在相变期间或之后发生重子生成。冷重子生成提供了一种有前景的机制，其中气泡碰撞通过非平衡动力学产生希格斯缠绕构型和Chern-Simons数。在本研究中，我们对一个双场模型进行了三维晶格模拟，其中负责相变的标量场与希格斯扇区分离。利用从反弹解获得的现实初始条件，我们跟踪了气泡的膨胀和碰撞，并研究了Chern-Simons数的产生。研究发现，即使对于具有大潜热的强非简并势，有效的Chern-Simons产生仍然持续存在，而这有利于增强引力波信号。我们还利用模拟的Chern-Simons动力学和有效的CP破坏算符估算了由此产生的重子不对称性。我们的结果表明，冷重子生成在强过冷区域仍然可行，这为从宇宙学一级相变建立重子生成迈出了重要一步。
英文摘要
Supercooled first-order phase transitions provide an attractive framework for generating observable gravitational waves (GWs), but the accompanying entropy injection dilutes any pre-existing baryon asymmetry, motivating baryogenesis during or after the phase transition. Cold baryogenesis offers a promising mechanism in which bubble collisions generate Higgs winding configurations and the Chern-Simons number through out-of-equilibrium dynamics. In the present study, we perform three-dimensional lattice simulations of a two-field model where the scalar field responsible for the phase transition is separated from the Higgs sector. Using realistic initial conditions obtained from bounce solutions, we follow the bubble expansion and collisions and study the generation of Chern-Simons number. It is found that efficient Chern-Simons production persists even for strongly non-degenerate potentials with large latent heat, which are favorable for enhancing GW signals. We also estimate the resulting baryon asymmetry using the simulated Chern-Simons dynamics and an effective CP-violating operator. Our results demonstrate that cold baryogenesis remains viable in the strongly supercooled regime, providing an important step toward establishing baryogenesis from cosmological first-order phase transitions.
Comments16 pages, 12 figures
