发表机构
National Institute of Standards and Technology; University of Colorado（美国国家标准与技术研究院; 科罗拉多大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过脉冲射频驱动实现热蒸气里德伯原子系综时间晶体的长寿命同步态，研究相位扩散与夹带机制，并建立经典Fokker-Planck模型，为频率和相位稳定应用提供新途径。
AI 中文摘要
时间晶体是一种独特且最近发现的物质态，其中时间平移对称性被自发破缺。尽管这种状态已在多种量子系统中被观察到，但理解驱动、耗散和噪声之间的本质以及这些因素对状态寿命的影响仍然难以捉摸。在此，我们研究了热蒸气里德伯原子系综的时间晶体振荡态的相位扩散和夹带。我们施加一个脉冲射频外差驱动场，该场可以在开启驱动期间夹带振荡频率。在关闭期间，被夹带的系综相位以1/$e$时间尺度扩散，最长可达2.3毫秒——显著长于里德伯态寿命。我们还研究了夹带和相位扩散时间尺度如何受射频驱动场强度和失谐的影响，并开发了一个带有基于Adler驱动项的经典Fokker-Planck模型，该模型再现了观察到的实验结果。这些结果证明了长时同步时间晶体里德伯原子系综态的创建，该状态可用于需要频率和相位稳定性的应用。
英文摘要
Time crystals are a unique and recently discovered state of matter in which time-translational symmetry is spontaneously broken. Although this state has been observed across a variety of quantum systems, understanding the nature between driving, dissipation, and noise and the effects of these forces on the state lifetime remains elusive. Here, we study phase diffusion and entrainment of the time crystalline oscillatory state of a thermal-vapor Rydberg atom ensemble. We apply a pulsed rf heterodyne driving field which can entrain the oscillation frequency during the on driving period. During the off period, the entrained ensemble phase diffuses on a 1/$e$ timescale up to 2.3 ms -- significantly longer than the Rydberg state lifetime. We additionally study how the entrainment and phase diffusion timescales are affected by the strength and detuning of the rf driving field, and develop a classical Fokker-Planck model with an Adler-based driving term that reproduces the observed experimental findings. These results demonstrate the creation of a long-time synchronized time crystal Rydberg atom ensemble state, which could be utilized in applications requiring frequency and phase stability.
