发表机构
LUT University; University of Derby; University of Limerick（拉彭兰塔-拉赫蒂理工大学; 德比大学; 利默里克大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过系统映射分析112项研究，揭示心理安全作为多维、情境依赖的团队构念，与软件工程团队绩效和流程紧密相关，并指出干预措施需纵向、情境化研究。
AI 中文摘要
背景：心理安全是软件开发团队中重要的人类行为因素，支持协作、知识共享、人际风险承担和学习。然而，软件工程中的相关证据在团队流程、绩效结果、情境条件和障碍方面仍然分散。目标：本研究对软件工程中的心理安全文献进行系统映射，考察其概念化、与团队绩效和流程的关联、情境影响、障碍及强化策略。方法：我们遵循既定的软件工程指南进行了系统映射研究。我们分析了2006年至2026年6月间发表的112项主要研究，使用描述性统计和主题分析，围绕六个研究问题展开。结果：心理安全被揭示为一个多维、情境依赖的团队层面构念，其特征包括人际风险承担、开放沟通、协作、学习、信任和支持性互动。它主要与生产力、软件质量、创新、团队满意度、协作、沟通和决策相关联。这些关系受到领导力、组织文化、工作环境、信任以及社会文化和个体条件的影响。反复出现的障碍包括沟通问题、组织约束、领导力问题、多样性和包容性挑战以及工作负荷压力。尽管报告了多种实践，但其有效性和长期可持续性的证据仍然有限。结论：心理安全是一个与团队互动和绩效相关的多维、情境依赖的团队层面构念。本研究强调了对软件开发环境中心理安全干预进行纵向、情境敏感研究的必要性。
英文摘要
Context: Psychological safety is an important human and behavioral factor in software development teams, supporting collaboration, knowledge sharing, interpersonal risk-taking, and learning. However, evidence in software engineering remains fragmented across team processes, performance outcomes, contextual conditions, barriers. Objective: This study maps literature on psychological safety in software engineering, examining its conceptualization, associations with team performance and processes, contextual influences, barriers, and strengthening strategies. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study following established software engineering guidelines. We analyzed 112 primary studies published between 2006 and June 2026 using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis across six research questions. Results: Psychological safety emerges as a multidimensional, context-dependent, team-level construct characterized by interpersonal risk-taking, open communication, collaboration, learning, trust, and supportive interaction. It is predominantly associated with productivity, software quality, innovation, team satisfaction, collaboration, communication, and decision-making. These relationships are shaped by leadership, organizational culture, work environment, trust, and sociocultural and individual conditions. Recurring barriers include communication problems, organizational constraints, leadership issues, diversity and inclusion challenges, and workload pressures. Although diverse practices are reported, evidence of their effectiveness and long-term sustainability remains limited. Conclusion: Psychological safety is a multidimensional, context-dependent team-level construct associated with team interaction and performance. This study highlights the need for longitudinal, context-sensitive research on psychological safety interventions in software development environments.
