发表机构
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences; The International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Missouri University of Science and Technology（中国科学院国家天文台; 亚洲太平洋理论物理中心，中国科学院大学; 密苏里科技大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文利用LVK天线方向图和GWTC数据，通过PyCBC评估呼吸模式灵敏度，对十二个事件进行参数估计，约束呼吸振幅比ξ，多数事件不支持GR+b，给出90%置信上限。
AI 中文摘要
度规引力理论除了张量模式$+$和$\times$之外，还允许存在无质量的呼吸标量$b$。许多标量-张量模型预言呼吸振幅远小于张量振幅；而引力量子场论（GQFT）则允许$h_b$与张量振幅相当。我们使用PyCBC评估LIGO- Virgo- KAGRA（LVK）天线方向图，并纳入Michelson对$b$的抑制效应。这里$F_b$为呼吸天线方向图，$\mathcal{S}_b=\sum_d F_b^{d2}$为网络呼吸功率。在GW150914时刻的H1天顶方向，$F_b\sim 5\times 10^{-6}$；对于包含打包应变数据的$72$个引力波瞬变目录（GWTC）事件，$\mathcal{S}_b$的中位倾角增益约为$\sim 34\times$。按$\mathrm{SNR}\sqrt{\mathcal{S}_b^{*}}$对多探测器GWTC事件（网络$\mathrm{SNR}\ge 8$，$\ge 2$个站点）排序，识别出响亮的O4触发事件和GW170817作为几何目标。对十二个事件进行参数估计（PE）加权的$\mathcal{S}_b$表明，真实天空位置可能抑制此排序（如GW170817），而GW200129_065458、GW150914和GW190814在$h_b=\xi h_+$（GR：$\xi\equiv 0$）中具有最高的PE加权$\mathcal{S}_b$。HLV设计噪声注入网格给出$\ln B(\mathrm{GR}+b/\mathrm{GR})\approx 13$（$4$）对于$\xi=1$（$0.5$）在倾斜天空（$\mathcal{S}_b\sim 0.18$）；接近天顶（$\mathcal{S}_b\sim 0.016$）时$\xi$后验仍不受约束。GWTC限制是半联合的：质量和自旋固定为PE中值，而$d_L$、$\theta_{JN}$、天空位置和$\xi$在PE信息先验内变化。十二个事件中有十一个被分析（GW170817省略：PE天空位于呼吸零方向）。没有事件支持$\mathrm{GR}+b$；GW150914、GW200129_065458和GW200311_115853的$|\xi|_{90\\%}\approx 0.15$、$0.18$和$0.23$不支持$|\xi|\sim\mathcal{O}(1)$，而较弱的约束（包括GW190814）仍允许该量级。
英文摘要
Metric theories of gravity admit a massless breathing scalar $b$ besides the tensor modes $+$ and $\times$. Many scalar--tensor models predict a much smaller breathing amplitude; gravitational quantum field theory (GQFT) instead allows $h_b$ comparable to the tensor amplitudes. We evaluate the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA (LVK) antenna patterns with PyCBC, including Michelson suppression of $b$. Here $F_b$ is the breathing antenna pattern and $\mathcal{S}_b=\sum_d F_b^{d2}$ is the network breathing power. At the H1 zenith at the GW150914 epoch, $F_b\sim 5\times 10^{-6}$; for $72$ Gravitational-wave Transient Catalog (GWTC) events with packaged strain the median inclination gain in $\mathcal{S}_b$ is $\sim 34\times$. Ranking multi-detector GWTC events (network $\mathrm{SNR}\ge 8$, $\ge 2$ sites) by $\mathrm{SNR}\sqrt{\mathcal{S}_b^{*}}$ identifies loud O4 triggers and GW170817 as geometric targets. Parameter-estimation (PE) weighted $\mathcal{S}_b$ on twelve events shows that the true sky can suppress this ranking (GW170817) and that GW200129_065458, GW150914, and GW190814 have the highest PE-weighted $\mathcal{S}_b$ for $ξ$ in $h_b=ξh_+$ (GR: $ξ\equiv 0$). An HLV design-noise injection grid gives $\ln B(\mathrm{GR}+b/\mathrm{GR})\approx 13$ ($4$) for $ξ=1$ ($0.5$) on an inclined sky ($\mathcal{S}_b\sim 0.18$); near zenith ($\mathcal{S}_b\sim 0.016$) the $ξ$ posterior remains unconstrained. The GWTC limits are semi-joint: masses and spins fixed at PE medians, while $d_L$, $θ_{JN}$, sky, and $ξ$ vary within PE-informed priors. Eleven of twelve events are analyzed (GW170817 omitted: PE sky on the breathing null). None favors $\mathrm{GR}+b$; $|ξ|_{90\%}\approx 0.15$, $0.18$, and $0.23$ for GW150914, GW200129_065458, and GW200311_115853 disfavor $|ξ|\sim\mathcal{O}(1)$, while weaker bounds (including GW190814) still allow that scale.
Comments12 pages, 4 figures
