平面超导量子芯片的物理设计自动化
Physical Design Automation for Planar Superconducting Quantum Chips
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对平面超导量子芯片人工布局耗时的问题，提出基于形式化抽象的三阶段自动化设计流程，实现全自动、可制造布局，速度比现有技术快25倍，并开源为mqt-scpd工具。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
超导电路已成为量子计算最有前景且可扩展的平台之一，工业界的大量采用推动量子比特数量稳步上升。然而，相应芯片的布局仍主要依靠人工完成，即使对于中等规模的设计，也需要耗费专家数天或数周的时间。现有的自动化方法通过简化底层问题和放宽物理约束来回避这一瓶颈，因此无法产生可直接用于制造的结果。为了在不做出此类妥协的情况下克服这一可扩展性瓶颈，我们首先引入一种形式化抽象，将物理器件特性转化为严格的几何问题表述。该抽象弥合了物理实现与设计自动化之间的鸿沟。基于这一抽象，我们随后提出一个包含几何感知全局划分、基于整数线性规划的端口分配以及分层布线流程的三阶段设计自动化流程。由设计自动化研究人员和超导硬件专家组成的跨学科团队进行的评估证实，该流程只需点击按钮即可生成完整、可制造且符合物理设计规则的布局。也就是说，它能在几秒到几分钟内全自动运行，并且解决复杂实例的速度比现有技术快达25倍。所有方法均以完全开源的工具mqt-scpd形式发布，作为慕尼黑量子工具包的一部分，提供了首个可直接使用、端到端的平面超导量子芯片设计流程，该流程明确处理了底层物理特性与需求。
英文摘要
Superconducting circuits have emerged as one of the most promising and scalable platforms for quantum com- puting, with substantial industrial adoption driving qubit counts steadily upward. Yet the layout of the corresponding chips is still primarily performed manually, consuming multiple days or weeks of expert effort, even for moderately sized designs. Existing automation approaches sidestep this bottleneck by simplifying the underlying problem and relaxing physical constraints. Therefore, they fall short of fabrication-ready results. To overcome this scalability wall without such compromises, we first introduce a formal abstraction that translates physical device characteristics into a rigorous geometric problem formulation. This abstraction bridges physical realization and design automation. Building upon this abstraction, we then propose a three-stage design automation flow comprising geometry-aware global partitioning, ILP-based port assignment, and a hierarchical routing pipeline. Evaluations conducted by our interdisciplinary team of design au- tomation researchers and superconducting hardware experts con- firm that the resulting flow produces complete, manufacturing- ready layouts that comply with the physical design rules at the push of a button. That is, it operates fully automatically within seconds to a few minutes, and solves complex instances up to 25x faster than the state of the art. All methods are released as the fully open-source tool mqt-scpd as part of the Munich Quantum Toolkit, providing the first readily usable, end- to-end design flow for planar superconducting quantum chips that explicitly addresses the underlying physical characteristics and requirements.
