发表机构
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC); Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA); Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Universidad Pontificia Comillas; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（空间科学研究所; 加泰罗尼亚太空研究院; 加泰罗尼亚高级研究学院; 康普里亚斯宗座大学技术研究院; 那不勒斯卡波迪蒙特天文台; 布雷拉天文台; 罗马天文台）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出基于动态时间规整的定量相似性框架，校准候选体与原型PSR J1023+0038的异质性，为过渡毫秒脉冲星候选体提供可复现排名，并指出光变曲线形状仅作筛选诊断。
AI 中文摘要
过渡毫秒脉冲星通常通过X射线光变曲线形态来识别，尤其是通过与原型PSR J1023+0038的视觉比较。这种分类仍然是定性的，并且缺乏对原型本身内部已经存在的可变性程度的校准概念。我们引入了一个动态时间规整（DTW）框架，该框架通过移动窗口相似性分布来比较光变曲线，并根据PSR J1023+0038的内部异质性来校准候选体与原型之间的距离。在这种表述中，一个源不仅被要求与一个原型观测相似，而且要与原型在不同观测中表现出的形态范围保持兼容。我们将该方法应用于已确认的和候选的tMSP，以及一组非tMSP系统的对照样本。所得的相似性度量提供了可复现的tMSP类似行为排名，因此对于候选体筛选和档案搜索很有用。同时，对照样本表明，短时标的吸积变率可以部分模仿tMSP类似形态，证明仅凭光变曲线形状是一种筛选诊断，而不是确定的类别标识符。
英文摘要
Transitional millisecond pulsars are often identified through X-ray light-curve morphology, especially by visual comparison with the prototype PSR J1023+0038. Such classifications remain qualitative and lack a calibrated notion of how much variability is already present within the prototype itself. We introduce a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) framework that compares light curves through moving-window similarity distributions and calibrates candidate-prototype distances against the internal heterogeneity of PSR J1023+0038. In this formulation, a source is not simply asked to resemble one prototype observation, but to remain compatible with the range of morphologies exhibited by the prototype across observations. We apply the method to confirmed and candidate tMSPs and to a control sample of non-tMSP systems. The resulting similarity measure provides a reproducible ranking for tMSP-like behaviour and is therefore useful for candidate triage and archival searches. At the same time, the control sample shows that short-timescale accretion variability can partly mimic tMSP-like morphology, demonstrating that light-curve shape alone is a screening diagnostic rather than a definitive class identifier.
CommentsAccepted for publication in RAS Techniques and Instruments
