发表机构
Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovations (rCITI), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学土木与环境工程学院综合交通创新中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对长途电动卡车充电与换电基础设施规划，提出联合选址与调度、使充电与强制休息重叠的混合整数规划框架，并用随机对偶动态整数规划求解，在澳大利亚东海岸案例中验证了不确定性下网络稳健性。
AI 中文摘要
为长途电池电动卡车（BETs）规划途中充电和电池更换基础设施，需要能够反映卡车实际运营方式的模型。本文开发了一个混合整数规划框架，该框架联合确定充电或换电站的选址，并安排每辆卡车的充电、换电和强制驾驶员休息时间，从而使充电时间与规定的休息时间重叠，而不是额外增加。能耗基于道路地形逐段使用牵引力模型计算，卡车电池被建模为一组可独立更换的电池包。在BET采用不确定条件下的分阶段投资被建模为具有马尔可夫需求的多阶段随机规划，并通过带有拉格朗日割的随机对偶动态整数规划（SDDiP）求解；我们证明拉格朗日乘数可以由每个电站的年化成本界定，而不会削弱割的有效性。将该算法应用于澳大利亚东海岸的十二条货运走廊，该算法联合优化充电和换电事件以及强制休息事件。采用率±30%的变化仅使最终纯充电网络的车站数量变化-12%至+13%，且超过95%的车站在第二阶段建成。对冲不确定性主要改变选择哪些站点（与确定性滚动时域模型的重叠率为71%），而不是改变建设时间。
英文摘要
Planning en-route charging and battery-swapping infrastructure for long-haul battery-electric trucks (BETs) requires models that reflect how trucks actually operate. This paper develops a mixed-integer programming framework that jointly sites charging or swapping stations and schedules each truck's charging, swapping and mandatory driver rest, so that charging time overlaps with regulated rest instead of being added to it. Energy use is derived segment by segment from road terrain with a tractive-force model, and the truck battery is modelled as a set of independently swappable packs. Staged investment under uncertain BET adoption is formulated as a multistage stochastic program with Markovian demand and solved by stochastic dual dynamic integer programming (SDDiP) with Lagrangian cuts; we show that the Lagrangian multipliers can be bounded by each station's annualised cost without weakening the cuts. Applied to twelve freight corridors on Australia's East Coast, the algorithm jointly optimises charging and battery-swapping events as well as mandatory break events. A +/- 30\% change in adoption alters the final charge-only network by only -12\% to +13\% of stations, with over 95\% of stations built by the second stage. Hedging against uncertainty mainly changes which sites are chosen (71\% overlap with a deterministic rolling-horizon model), not when they are built.
Comments43 pages, 6 figures, 10 tables
