使用虚拟模型控制的冗余机器人未知环境反应式探索
Reactive Exploration of Unknown Environments for Redundant Robots using Virtual Model Control
- University of Bologna(博洛尼亚大学)
- University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
针对冗余机械臂在未知环境中的探索问题,提出一种基于评分选择目标体素和虚拟模型控制的主动探索方法,实现全身反应式避障,在120秒内达到90%以上地图覆盖率。
AI中文摘要:
在受限、遮挡和部分已知空间中的探索对机器人操作提出了重大挑战。必须仔细控制机械臂的整体姿态,以在避开新发现障碍物的同时满足严格的几何约束。我们通过提出一种针对具有眼在手上相机配置的冗余机械臂的主动探索方法来解决这个问题。我们的方法基于一种新颖的评分方法实时导航并获取信息,该方法利用机器人当前状态和预期信息增益直接从未探索空间中选择目标体素。为了安全地将机器人移向目标体素,我们利用虚拟模型控制,该控制保证柔顺性并实现全身反应式避障,无需重新规划路径。在受限和开放环境中的仿真和真实机器人实验证明了我们方法的有效性,在所有测试环境中,在不到120秒内实现了超过90%的地图覆盖率,且未与障碍物碰撞。
英文摘要:
The exploration of confined, occluded, and partially known spaces poses significant challenges in robotic manipulation. The overall pose of the robotic arm must be carefully controlled to respect tight geometric constraints while avoiding newly discovered obstacles. We address this problem by proposing an active exploration approach for redundant robotic arms with an eye-in-hand camera configuration. Our approach navigates and acquires information in real-time based on a novel scoring method that directly selects a target voxel from the unexplored space using the robot's current state and expected information gain. To move the robot safely toward the target voxel, we utilize Virtual Model Control, which guarantees compliance and enables whole-body reactive obstacle avoidance without the need for path replanning. Simulated and real-robot experiments in both confined and open environments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving over $90\%$ mapping coverage across all tested environments in under $120$ seconds without colliding with obstacles.