发表机构
Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, University of Tokyo; ICRR, University of Tokyo; Physics Division, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University（东京大学; 东京大学; 神奈川大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究提出由热暗物质稀有过密区形成原初黑洞作为超大质量黑洞种子，通过双真空标量场实现，并推导其质量函数，避开CMB约束，关联暗扇区与暴胀尺度。
AI 中文摘要
超大质量黑洞的起源，特别是那些在高红移时已存在的超大质量黑洞，仍是一个未解之谜。我们提出，它们的种子是由常规热暗物质的稀有过密区域形成的原初黑洞。一个具有两个简并真空的旁观标量场赋予暗物质不同的质量，因此在两个真空中产生不同的冻结丰度。暴胀涨落仅在指数级稀有的区域中填充含有较重遗迹的真空。随着宇宙冷却，这些区域的密度对比增长到足够大，使其在视界重新进入后坍缩成原初黑洞。我们推导了由此产生的原初黑洞质量函数，并表明它尖锐地集中在较低截断附近，同时重现了超大质量黑洞种子所需的质量尺度和丰度。由于过密区域来源于稀有的非高斯群体，而非近高斯原初曲率扰动的增强，通常的宇宙微波背景谱畸变约束不直接适用。该构造还将种子群体与暗扇区谱和暴胀尺度相关联，为检验这一场景提供了互补途径。
英文摘要
The origin of supermassive black holes, especially those already present at high redshift, remains an open problem. We propose that their seeds are primordial black holes formed from rare overdense regions of conventional thermal DM. A spectator scalar with two degenerate vacua gives the DM different masses, and hence different freeze-out abundances, in the two vacua. Inflationary fluctuations populate the vacuum containing the heavier relic only in exponentially rare patches. As the Universe cools, the density contrast of these patches grows sufficiently large for the patches to collapse into PBHs after horizon re-entry. We derive the resulting PBH mass function and show that it is sharply concentrated near a lower cutoff while reproducing the mass scale and abundance required for SMBH seeds. Since the overdensities originate from a rare, non-Gaussian population rather than from an enhancement of nearly Gaussian primordial curvature perturbations, the usual CMB spectral-distortion constraint does not directly apply. The construction also correlates the seed population with the dark-sector spectrum and the inflation scale, providing complementary avenues for testing the scenario.
Comments24 pages, 3 figures
