发表机构
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University; School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering; Department of Maths and Physics, Hunan Institute of Engineering; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials, and Department of Physics, Hunan University of Science and Technology（衡阳师范学院物理与电子工程学院; 湖南工程学院信息科学与工程学院; 湖南工程学院数学与物理系; 湖南科技大学物理学院及湖南省智能传感器与先进传感材料重点实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究宇称-时间对称损耗-增益腔对下Dicke和Tavis-Cummings量子电池的充电，发现破缺相提升能量、功率和ergotropy，最优工作点靠近奇异点。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究宇称-时间对称光子环境如何改变Dicke和Tavis-Cummings量子电池的充电过程。对于制备在集体基态的原子，激发数随充电时间的平方增长，其系数由初始平均光子数决定；Dicke模型的反旋转项将该系数增加至原来的四倍。总激发数守恒将存储的Tavis-Cummings能量限制在一个精确的上限，即跃迁能量乘以光子数和原子数中的较小者，数值模拟结果与理论值偏差在百分之二以内，而Dicke项在超强耦合下会超出该上限几个百分点。随后，我们将电池耦合到损耗-增益对，通过在每个腔中放置相同的电池来保持宇称-时间对称性；闭合矩系统将奇异点置于损耗率处。在奇异点以下，增益腔被填充，增益侧电池充电而损耗侧电池保持为空；在奇异点以上，光子被转移并耗散。通过使用批量蒙特卡洛波函数求解完整的Lindblad方程，我们发现增益侧电池在破缺相中存储能量、功率和ergotropy分别增加百分之三十九、二十六和二十八，而在未破缺相深处分别损失百分之六十五、三十五和六十五，此时损耗侧电池超过它。恢复反旋转项在统计误差范围内不改变所有这些结果；它们额外引入的是以两倍跃迁频率进行的无功振荡，不产生净功但使瞬时功率峰值几乎翻倍。额外能量的质量较低，可回收比例从约百分之九十八降至百分之九十。最优工作点位于破缺侧，靠近但不在奇异点处。
英文摘要
We study how a parity--time-symmetric photonic environment changes the charging of Dicke and Tavis--Cummings quantum batteries. For atoms prepared in the collective ground state the excitation number grows as the square of the charging time, with a coefficient set by the initial mean photon number; the counter-rotating terms of the Dicke model add one to four times that number. Conservation of the total excitation number turns this into an exact ceiling on the stored Tavis--Cummings energy, the transition energy times the smaller of the photon and atom numbers, met numerically to within two per cent, which the Dicke terms overshoot by a few per cent at ultrastrong coupling. We then couple a battery to a lossy--gain pair, keeping the parity--time symmetry intact by putting an identical battery in each cavity; the closed moment system puts the exceptional point at the loss rate. Below it the gain cavity fills and the gain-side battery charges while the lossy-side one stays empty; above it photons are shuttled away and dissipated. Solving the full Lindblad equation with batched Monte--Carlo wave functions, we find that the gain-side battery gains thirty-nine, twenty-six and twenty-eight per cent in stored energy, power and ergotropy in the broken phase and loses sixty-five, thirty-five and sixty-five per cent deep in the unbroken phase, where the lossy-side battery overtakes it. Restoring the counter-rotating terms leaves all of this unchanged within the statistical error; what they add is a reactive oscillation at twice the transition frequency that does no net work but nearly doubles the peak of the instantaneous power. The extra energy is of lower quality, the recoverable fraction dropping from about ninety-eight to ninety per cent. The optimum sits on the broken side, close to but not at the exceptional point.
