发表机构
School of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University（西蒙菲莎大学应用科学学院可持续能源工程学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
提出MILP-MPC框架协调热泵预热、电池储能与电压调节设备，在配电网中削减峰值23.1%并缓解过载，支持供暖电气化。
AI 中文摘要
通过热泵（HP）和备用电阻加热器（ERH）实现空间供暖电气化，虽受激励以支持脱碳，但会增加配电网中的电压和热力问题。智能恒温器（ST）的直接负荷控制（DLC）可提供电网支持，但据我们所知，现有方法未将这种灵活性与电网规模电池储能系统（BESS）及电压调节设备进行协同优化，也未利用ERH进行预热，从而限制了峰值需求削减和低电压缓解的效果。我们提出了一种基于混合整数线性规划（MILP）的模型预测控制（MPC）框架，该框架协调ST设定点以实现预热和温度回退、电网规模BESS、有载调压分接头、投切电容器组和步进电压调节器。该框架在23节点和733节点配电网（包括基于真实数据的馈线）上，跨多个实际运行日进行了评估。在50%热泵渗透率和50%直接负荷控制参与率的23节点馈线上，所提框架将馈线峰值降低了23.1%，在协同优化BESS后降低了27.1%。滚动时域设定点优化在日前ST调度（16.6%）基础上贡献了6.5个百分点，而调度ERH进行预热在仅备用运行（20.4%）基础上增加了2.7个百分点。在733节点馈线上，热力拥堵为约束条件，该框架将过载支路减少了94%，过载变压器减少了47%。这些结果证明了协调需求灵活性和电压调节在适应供暖电气化方面的潜力。
英文摘要
Electrifying space heating with heat pumps (HP) and backup electric-resistance heaters (ERH) is incentivized to support decarbonization but increases voltage and thermal issues in distribution networks. Direct load control (DLC) of smart thermostats (ST) provide grid support, yet, to the best of our knowledge, existing methods do not co-optimize this flexibility with grid-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) and voltage-regulation devices, and do not use ERH for preheating, limiting peak demand reduction and undervoltage mitigation. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based model predictive control (MPC) framework that coordinates ST setpoints for preheating and setback, grid-scale BESS, on-load tap changers, switched capacitor banks, and step voltage regulators. The framework is evaluated on 23-node and 733-node distribution networks, including a real-data-based feeder, across multiple realized days. On the 23-node feeder with 50% HP penetration and 50% DLC participation, the proposed framework reduces the feeder peak by 23.1%, and by 27.1% with the co-optimized BESS. Rolling-horizon setpoint optimization contributes 6.5 percentage points beyond a day-ahead ST schedule (16.6%), and dispatching the ERH for preheating adds 2.7 percentage points beyond backup-only operation (20.4%). On the 733-node feeder, where thermal congestion is the binding constraint, the framework reduces overloaded branches by 94% and overloaded transformers by 47%. These results demonstrate the potential of coordinated demand flexibility and voltage regulation to accommodate heating electrification.
